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Gestionando un sitio Moodle


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{{Gestionando un sitio Moodle}}
All web application software is highly complex, and every application has security issues that are found from time to time, usually involving some conbination of input that the programmers did not anticipate. The Moodle project takes security seriously, and is continuously improving Moodle to close such holes as we find them.


==Before all==
*[[Recomendaciones de Seguridad]] - Consejos sobre la mejor manera de mantener seguro su sitio
*In this article, you will find important security measures for your Moodle installation.
*[[Reporte Vista general de Seguridad]] - Revisar todos los problemas potenciales de seguridad que usted podría tener en su configuración
*You should report security problems directly at http://security.moodle.org - because developers might overlook it elsewhere, and they must not be released to general public until they are solved (to prevent attacks).
*[[Configuraciones de seguridad del sitio]] -Configuraciones que afectan la seguridad y privacidad de su sitio
*You should not post actual exploits in the bugtracker or forums, for exactly the same reasons.
*[[Notificaciones]] - Información sobre notificaciones de fallas en actualización y entrada al sitio
*[[report/security/report_security_check_passwordsaltmain|Salado de contraseña]] - Detalles de la forma para hacer las contraseñas más seguras al añadirles una cadena aleatoria de caracteres antes de calcular su ''hash''' MD5
*[[Aumentando la privacidad en Moodle]] - Sugerencias para cambios en la configuración para aumentar la privacidad de usuarios
*[[Minimizar el spam en Moodle]] - Consejo sobre cómo minimizar el riesgo de ''spam'' en su sitio


==Simple security measures==
==Vea también==
*The best security strategy is a good backup! But you don't have a good backup unless you are able to restore it. Test your restoration procedures!
* [[Seguridad FAQ]]
*Load only software or services you will use
* [https://moodle.org/security/ Anuncios de Moodle acerca de seguridad] en idioma Inglés
*Perform regular updates
* [https://docs.moodle.org/dev/Moodle_security_procedures Moodle security procedures] en la documentación en idioma inglés para desarrolladores
*Model your security after the layers of clothing you wear on a cold winter day
*[[Procedimientos de seguridad en Moodle]] - Reportar un incidente de seguridad
* Foro de discusión ''Using Moodle'' [http://moodle.org/mod/forum/discuss.php?d=39404 Guide to Securing your Moodle Server]
* [https://docs.moodle.org/28/en/Why_porn_spam_has_been_appearing_in_Moodle_sites https://docs.moodle.org/28/en/Why_porn_spam_has_been_appearing_in_Moodle_sites]
* [[Recuperación_de_un_sitio_hackeado]]


==Basic recommendations==
[[Category:Administrador]]
*Update Moodle regularly on each release
[[Category:Seguridad]]
:Published security holes draw crackers attention after release. The older the version, the more vulnerabilities it is likely to contain.
*Disable register globals
:This will help prevent against possible XSS problems in third-party scripts.
*Use strong passwords for admin and teachers
:Choosing "difficult" passwords is a basic security practice to protect against "brute force" cracking of accounts.
*Only give teacher accounts to trusted users. Avoid creating public sandboxes with free teacher accounts on production servers.
:Teacher accounts have much freer permissions and it is easier to create situations where data can be abused or stolen.
*Separate your systems as much as possible
:Another basic security technique is to use different passwords on different systems, use different machines for different services and so on.  This will prevent damage being widespread even if one account or one server is compromised.
 
==Run regular updates==
*Use auto update systems
*Windows Update
*Linux: up2date, yum, apt-get
:Consider automating updates with a script scheduled via cron
*Mac OSX update system
*Stay current with php, apache, and moodle
 
==Use mailing lists to stay updated==
*CERT - http://www.us-cert.gov/cas/signup.html
*PHP - http://www.php.net/mailing-lists.php - sign up for Announcements list
*MySQL - http://lists.mysql.com - sign up for MySQL Announcements
 
==Firewalls==
*Security experts recommend a dual firewall
:Differing hardware/software combinations
*Disabling unused services is often as effective as a firewall
:Use netstat -a to review open network ports
*Not a guarantee of protection
*Allow ports
:80, 443(ssl), and 9111 (for chat),
:Remote admin: ssh 22, or rpd 3389
 
==Be prepared for the worst==
*Have backups ready
*Practice recovery procedures ahead of time
*Use a rootkit detector on a regular basis
**Linux/MacOSX - http://www.chkrootkit.org/
**Windows - http://www.sysinternals.com/Utilities/RootkitRevealer.html
 
==Moodle security alerts==
*Register your site with Moodle.org
:Registered users receive email alerts
*Security alerts also posted online
*Web - http://security.moodle.org/
*RSS feed - http://security.moodle.org/rss/file.php/1/1/forum/1/rss.xml
 
==Miscellaneous considerations==
These are all things you might consider that impact your overall security:
*Turn off opentogoogle, esp for K12 sites
*Use SSL, httpslogins=yes
*Disable guest access
*Place enrollment keys on all courses
*Use good passwords
*Use the secure forms setting
*Set the mysql root user password
*Turn off mysql network access
 
==Most secure/paranoid file permissions==
Assuming you are running this on a sealed server (i.e. no user logins allowed on the machine) and that root takes care of the modifications to both moodle code and moodle config (config.php), then this are the most tight permissions I can think of:
 
1. moodledata directory and all of its contents (and subdirs, includes sessions):
owner: apache user (apache, httpd, www-data, whatever)
group: apache group (apache, httpd, www-data, whatever)
perms: 700 on directories, 600 on files
 
2. moodle directory and all of its contents and subdirs (including config.php):
owner: root
group: root
perms: 755 on directories, 644 on files.


If you allow local logins, then 2. should be:
[[en:Security]]
owner: root
group: apache group
perms: 750 on directories, 640 on files
 
Think of these permissions as the most paranoid ones. You can be secure enough with less tighter permissions, both in moodledata and moodle directories (and subdirectories).
 
==See also==
*Using Moodle [http://moodle.org/mod/forum/discuss.php?d=39404 Guide to Securing your Moodle Server] forum discussion
 
[[Category:Administrador]]

Revisión actual - 02:24 16 may 2018


Vea también

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