36/Subir usuarios

Esta página necesita actualizarse con la información existente en la documentación vigente/moderna/actualizada en el idioma inglés original para Moodle. Se le sugiere al lector que consulte la página original en idioma inglés cuyo enlace está al fondo de esta página. y que, por favor, actualice esta información y quite la plantilla {{Actualizar}} cuando haya terminado. (otras páginas pendientes de actualizar)

Existe documentación diferente para varias versiones de Moodle: Esta documentación corresponde a Moodle 3.2 y más recientes. Si Usted quiere ver la versión más anterior, para Moodle 2.7 y anteriores, vaya a 27/Subir usuarios.

Subir usuarios mediante archivo de texto

Hay muchas opciones para subir información (campos asociados con un usuario) con este método: desde inscribir (matricular) usuarios en varios cursos con roles específicos del curso, hasta actualizar información del usuario en el Perfil del usuario o eliminar a usuarios del sitio.

Sugerencia: Usualmente no es necesario subir usuarios masivamente con 'Subir usuarios'. Para mantener leve el trabajo de mantenimiento Used debería de explorar formas de Autenticación que no requieran mantenimiento manual, como por ejemplo, conectarse a Bases de datos externas existentes, o permitirles a los usuarios el crear sus propias cuentas (auto inscripción). Vea Autenticación para más información.

Formatos de archivo del archivo para subir usuarios

El archivo para subida de usuarios tiene campos separados por comas (o algun otro delimitador) SOLAMENTE - sin espacios. La primera línea contiene los nombres de campo válidos. El resto de las líneas (registros) contiene información sobre cada usuario.

Sugerencia: Evite usar caracteres especiales en los campos de información, como signos de comillas y signos de comas. Haga la prueba con un archivo que tenga un solo registro antes de hacer una subida grande.

Sugerencia: Usted puede usar un programa de hoja-de-cálculo para crear el archivo con las columnas y campos necesarios. Después guárdelo como "CSV (delimitado por comas)". Estos archivos pueden abrirse con editores de texto simples (como por ejemplo, Notepad++) para verificación.

Archivo de subida válido para pruebas

Aquí hay un ejemplo de un archivo simple de subida válido: (Los encabezados de columna en la primera línea del archivo solamente están resaltados en negritas en este ejemplo para distinguirlos del resto de los datos y detalles de los usuarios)

username,password,firstname,lastname,email,course1,group1,cohort1
jonest,muysecreto,Tom,Jones,jonest@escuela.edu.mx,matemáticas102,Sección 1,semestre 3
reznort,supersecreto,Trent,Reznor,reznort@colegio.edu.es,matemáticas102,Sección 3,semestre 4

Nota del traductor: Los nombres de campo obligatorios DEBEN de escribirse como están en idioma inglés (username,password,firstname,lastname,email...); si los tradujera al español obtendrá un error y no funcionarán.

Campos del usuario que pueden incluirse

Sugerencia: Nosotros recomendamos encarecidamente que Usted pruebe un archivo que contenga los campos que Usted propone usar con solamente un usuario, antes de intentar una subida de archivos por vez primera.

Campos obligatorios

Estos son los campos de identificación del usuario necesarios (tal como están escritos en idioma inglés):

username,firstname,lastname,email

Se hacen revisiones de validez para:

username el campo de username (nombre_de_usuario) solamente puede contener letras alfabéticas minúsculas, números, guión '-', guión_bajo '_', punto '.', o signo de arroba '@'
email esté en el formato de: nombre@ejemplo.com .

Nota del traductor: Evite usar letras acentuadas y eñes en el campo de username. Si necesariamente Usted necesita usar estos caracteres, deberá primeramente modificar las políticas del sitio para permitir caracteres extendidos.

Contraseñas (Passwords)

El campo password (contraseña) es opcional si se eligió la configuración de "Contraseña del usuario nuevo" está configurada a "Crear contraseña si se necesitara y enviar por email", pero es requerida si estuviera configurado a "Campo requerido en archivo".

- Si se incluyera la contraseña, los valores deben de cumplir con los requisitos de la Política de contraseñas del sitio. Para forzar el cambio de contraseña para un usuario en particular, configure el campo de password a changeme (cámbiame).

Nota: Usted debe de escribir changeme en idioma inglés; no intente traducir esta palabra.

- Si se omite, se generará una contraseña para cada usuario (durante el siguiente trabajo del cron y se enviarán correos de BienVenida.
- Nota: el texto para el mensaje de BienVenida está en las configuraciones del idioma. Por favor refiérase a este hilo del foro para los detalles.

Campos del usuario opcionales

Optional user fields

Note: Commas within a field must be encoded as &#44 - the script will decode these back to commas. Tip: For Boolean fields with only two values, use 0 for false and 1for true.

To provide values other than the default you can include one or more of these optional user fields:

institution,department,city,country,lang,auth,timezone,idnumber,icq,phone1,phone2,address,url,description,mailformat,maildisplay,maildigest,htmleditor,autosubscribe,interests

Most of the these are user profile fields or user preference fields that belong to the user profile and are the filled in the user or at manual creation. Some however require specific formats:

See Additional name fields for more details. Key things to note are:

country - use the country TWO LETTER CODE, in upper case, eg AU,ES,GB,US. These are all UPPER CASE. Using "au" or "es" or "USA" as a country code will result in a database error. If you are having trouble working out the two-letter code for a country, you can consult the list of country names and code elements available on the ISO Website. A common error is to use UK for United Kingdom; it should be GB.

lang - use the two letter (or extended four lettter) code as defined in the Moodle language packs, e.g. en, es, en_us, de, in Site administration > Language > Language packs.

auth - The auth field must be used if the site uses an alternative authentication method, such as LDAP, as otherwise the authentication method will default to manual and users using a different auth method won't be able to log in. Use the shortname codes defined in Plugins > Authentication for the various types, e.g. manual, nlogin, ldap, cas, mnet, db, none. If you do not include an auth column, then newly created users will be created with the manual account type.

timezone - Should be in the format as found in the Location settings in terms of Zone/Region, eg. Australia/Sydney, Asia/Kathmandu, Europe/Madrid, etc. The entry is case sensitive so Europe/London will work but europe/london will not.

NOTE: Needed: settings for mailformat,maildisplay,htmleditor,autosubscribe

maildigest To prevent users from receiving a large number of emails from courses or forced subscription forums use the maildigest. The options for this field are 0 = No digest, 1 = Complete digest and 2 = Digest with just subjects.

Custom profile field names

These are optional and depend on whether you have created any custom profile fields in your site. The name of the header in file is of the form 'profile__field_xxxxx' where xxxx is the unique shortname of custom user profile field name as you created it.

The field name should match the case of the profile field shortname. So, for instance if the shortname of your custom profile field is all upper case, for example, DOB, then use a header of profile_field_DOB to match the case, not profile_field_dob, which will produce a "is not a valid field name" error. Likewise, a mixed case shortname such as Dob should have a header of profile_field_Dob. (The exception to this is if the shortname is all lower case, then any case will work in the field header, which is a historical quirk: but best practice is to match the case and you will avoid errors.)

profile_field_xxxxx

Example: To create a custom field "genre", you must write a shortname "genre" in the new field, and write "profile_field_genre" in the header of the .csv file.

For custom profile fields that are dates, use the ISO standard format YYYY-MM-DD, eg. 2014-06-19 which will then be properly localized in the interfaced. For example, a field called dohire for date of hire, the fields could be:

username,firstname,lastname,email,profile_field_dohire
blumbergh,Bill,Lumbergh,blumbergh@example.com,1990-02-19
pgibbons,Peter,BGibbons,pgibbons@example.com,1996-06-05
tsmykowski,Tom,Smykowski,tsmykowski@example.com,1970-01-01

For custom profile fields that are a menu, use the corresponding value in the menu list from field as you defined it. For example: a custom field 'corporatedivision' with one of three values 'Management', 'Development' or 'Training'. Just insert one of those three words (e.g. 'Training') as the value for that field. Eg.

username,firstname,lastname,email,profile_field_corporatedivision
blumbergh,Bill,Lumbergh,blumbergh@example.com,Management
pgibbons,Peter,BGibbons,pgibbons@example.com,Development
tsmykowski,Tom,Smykowski,tsmykowski@example.com,Training

Special user change fields

Three special fields are used for managing user accounts, oldusername, deleted and suspended. See below for details.

Enrolment fields

You may optionally enrol users in already existing courses using manual enrolment. Only manual enrolment is done this way; if the manual enrolment method is disabled in a course, then no enrol is done.

You use fields in the upload file of this type:

course1,type1,role1,group1,enrolperiod1,enrolstatus1,course2,type2,role2,group2,enrolperiod2,enrolstatus2

etc.

Header fields must have a numeric suffix such that type1,role1,group1,enrolperiod1 and enrolstatus1 all apply to course1 for course1 to coursen. Even if you are just doing one course enrolment, you must still use the number 1 on the heading name, i.e. course1,role1, etc. Do not use the bare headings without numbers, e.g. course,role, etc as those will generate an error.

course# is the shortname of the course, if present the user will be enrolled in that course. Do not use the fullname of the course or it will generate an error. This field is the ONLY required field for a succesful enrolment. All the others are optional.

type# sets the role to be used for the enrolment. A value of 1 is default course role, 2 is legacy Teacher role and 3 is legacy Non-editing Teacher.

role# may be used to specify roles directly, using either role short name or the role id (numeric names of roles are not supported). Usually you will use the role name that is the shortname of the role as defined in Users > Permissions > Define roles, eg. student, editingteacher. If the role column is left out, the users will be enroled in the course with the default role, which is normally student.

group# may be used to assign users to groups in course, using name or id (numeric group names are not supported). NOTE: if the group does not already exist, it will be created.

enrolperiod# may be used to set the enrolment duration, in days, for each course. If not explicitly set here, all the users will get the duration as set in the Manual enrolment method of the course (which defaults to 0 meaning unlimited.)

enrolstatus# is optional as by default all newly enrolled users are set to active. If used a value of 1, it will suspend users in the course and if a user is previously set as inactive / suspended then a value of 0 will unsuspend them and make them active again.

Cohort membership assignment

You can assign users to any already existing Cohort by using only the "username" and the "Cohort ID" with just two fields in the file. Note that this is an exception to the usual case where the firstname, lastname and email address of the user are required.

cohort# is the form to use and like enrolment in courses, you have to add a number to each header, so cohort1,cohort2, etc.

Internal cohort id numbers or non-numeric Cohort IDs of existing cohorts must be used; do not use the full name are not allowed. (Note that cohort id is what is usually known elsewhere as the "shortname".)

Here is a sample CSV file:

username,cohort1,cohort2
student1,nursing,2016class
student2,nursing,2014class
student3,nursing,2014class

MNet

Existing MNetusers can be added to courses, groups or cohorts as below by using the field header mnethostid

enrolling to courses: username+mnethostid+course required
adding to group: username+mnethostid+course+group required
adding to cohort: username+mnethostid+cohort required
suspending/reviving accounts: username+mnethostid+suspended required

All other operations are ignored. You can not add users, delete them or update them (such as change names or email, profile fields, etc.)

Set system roles

Users may also be assigned to already defined system roles, using the shortname of the system role as defined in Site administration > Users > Permissions > Define roles for roles with a system context defined.

sysrole1,sysrole2,sysrole3 etc

Users may be uploaded to a system role (usually Manager or Course creator) by entering the shortname of that role. Other roles can only be uploaded if they have already been assigned in the 'system' context. See Creating custom roles. Multiple roles can be assigned using sysrole2, sysrole3, etc. fields. Note that the number suffix in no way relates to the number suffixes on the enrolment fields. The numbers must go up in sequence starting at 1.

Unassigning system roles Users can also be removed from a given system role by entering the shortname of that role prefixed with a minus symbol: '-'. If the user is currently assigned to that role, they are removed from it. If the user is not currently assigned to that system role, the field value is ignored. However, the field value must refer to a system role that does exist on the system, otherwise an error will occur.

Example of a file for uploading users with global/system roles

Upload user process

Create file for uploading
Go to Site administration > Users > Accounts > Upload users
Add file to upload
Upload users preview - check settings and default user profile settings
Upload users preview - click "Upload users"
Upload users results - shows list of users, exceptions made in upload and summary of number of users
Upload users results - click "Continue"
Returns to Upload users screen

Updating users preview

There are various settings to better control the desired upload behaviour. These settings are found on the "Upload users preview" page.

Warning: errors updating existing accounts can affect your users badly. Be careful when using the options to update.

Upload type

The Upload type specifies how to handle existing accounts.

Add new only, skip existing users: is the default Moodle upload type. It creates a new user account for each new record in the uploaded file. If an existing username is found in the uploaded file matches an existing username, that record is skipped. By skipping the existing user account, the data in the existing record is not touched (in contrast to the "Add new and update existing users" option) and a second new user account is not created (in contrast to the "Add all, append number to usernames if needed" option).

Add all, append number to usernames if needed: creates a new user account for each record in the uploaded file. If an existing user account is found, a new account will be created with a number appended to the username. For example, if a user account for username 'jsmith' already exists and a new record in the uploaded file contains a record forusername 'jsmith' an additional user account is created with a 1 appended to the username to produce user 'jsmith1'.

Add new and update existing users: creates a new user account for each new user in the upload file. If an existing user account with the same username is found, the account information is updated by the data in the uploaded file.
Update existing users only: ignores any new users found in the upload file and updates the user account if a matching username record is found in the uploaded file.

New user password

When creating a new user account Moodle can create a new password (if one is not provided) or require a password in the uploaded file.

Create password if needed: creates a default password for the new user account if one is not provided in the uploaded file.

Field required in file: requires that a password be provided in the uploaded file in order. If a password is not provided, an error is generated and the user account is not created.

Existing user details

The Existing user details options are only available when the Upload type allows existing user accounts to be updated. It specifies how Moodle should process user detail information for existing users.

No changes: ignores user detail data in the uploaded and leaves the existing user account data unchanged.
Override with file: overwrites data in the existing user account with the data provided in the uploaded file.
Override with file and defaults: overwrites data in the existing user account with data provided in the uploaded file and fills in the default values for existing user details when no data is provided in the uploaded file.
Fill in missing from file and defaults: adds data in the existing user account with data provided in the uploaded file if the field is empty (does not already contain data) and fills in the default values for existing user details when no data is provided in the uploaded file.

Existing user password

The Existing user password option specifies how to handle password data for existing user accounts when Existing user details is set to overwrite data.

No changes: ignores password field in the uploaded user file and leaves the existing user account password untouched
Update: overwrites the existing user account password with the password provided in the uploaded file

Force password change

The Force password change option specifies when to tag a user account so that the next login attempt will require the user to change the user's password.

Users having a weak password: If the user account has a weak password as defined by the site's Password policy then the user will be forced to change the password during the next login attempt. This option is not shown if there the site does not have a Password policy.
None: None of the users in the uploaded file will be forced to change the password during the user's next login attempt.
All: All of the users in the uploaded file will be forced to change the password during the user's next login attempt.

Allow renames

If the uploaded flie contains the special oldusername field, it is possible to rename a user from the oldusername to a new username. The default setting is to not allow renames. Keep in mind that renaming a user will require the user to use the new username when logging in.

No: ignores the oldusername field and leaves the existing user account's username field unchanged.
Yes: allows the existing user account's username to be changed by the data provided in the uploaded file's username field. The oldusername will be searched for and then updated with the data provided in the username column.

Allow deletes

If the uploaded file contains the deleted special field, it is possible to use the upload file to delete existing user accounts. The default setting is to not allow deletes. Keep in mind that deleting a user account will prevent that user from logging in. As a protection, site administrator user accounts cannot be deleted with this method.

No: ignores the deleted special field in the uploaded file and leaves the existing user account unchanged
Yes: allows the existing user account to be deleted when the value of the of the deleted field is 1.

Allow suspending and activating of accounts

If the uploaded file contains the suspended special field, it is possible to use the upload file to either suspend or make active (unsuspend) existing user accounts. The default setting is to allow suspending/activating of existing user accounts. Keep in mind that suspending an existing user account will prevent that user from logging in.

Yes: allows the existing user account to be suspended when the value of the of the suspended field is 1.
No: ignores the suspended special field in the uploaded file and leaves the existing user account status unchanged.

Prevent email address duplicates

It is possible, but not recommended to upload users with duplicate email addresses. By default, uploading users with duplicate email addresses is prevented. To allow duplicate email addresses, go to Site administration ► Plugins ► Authentication ► Manage authentication. You can tick "Allow accounts with same email". Then on the upload users screen you will be allowed to change the "Prevent email address duplicates" setting.

However, doing this is not recommended for file uploads. Test thoroughly any user uploads before implementing.

For more info, see the Managing authentication docs page

Yes: prevents user accounts from being created from the uploaded if an existing user account already has the same email address as found in the uploaded file's email column.
No: allows user accounts to be created if an existing user account already has the same email address found in the uploaded file's email column.

Standardise usernames

Standardise usernames is used by default to convert the username to all lower case and to strip out illegal characters. It is possible to not standardise the usernames; however, doing so is not recommended.

Yes: standardises usernames found in the uploaded file before updating existing or creating new user accounts so that the username contains only lowercase letters and numbers.
No: skips standardising usernames found in the uploaded file so that the newly created or updated usernames will be exactly as they are in the uploaded file (not recommended).

For those seeking a more technical explanation, the process for standardising the usernames consists of ensuring the characters are all UTF-8 (fix_utf8) encoded, converting the username to lower case, and then stripping out non-letters/non-number characters (unless Site administration > Security > Site policies > Allow extended characters in usernames is set on) with something similar to:

$username = preg_replace('/[^-\.@_a-z0-9]/', , $username);

Select for bulk user actions

After the uploaded file has finished being processed (all new accounts have been created and existing accounts updated as specified by the previous settings), there is an option to select some of those user accounts to perform additional bulk user actions such as

Confirm user accounts created through Email-based self-registration which are not yet confirmed by the user
Send a message (requires Messaging to be enabled)
Delete user accounts
Display a list of users on a page
Download user data in text, ODS or Excel file format
Force users to change their passwords
Add users to a cohort

By default, no users are selected for bulk user actions.

No: No users are selected for bulk user actions
New users: Only newly created users are selected for bulk user actions
Updated users: Only updated user accounts are selected for bulk user actions
All users: All users found (existing updated users and newly created user accounts) in the uploaded file are selected for bulk user actions

Default values

You can provide default user values for some fields not included in the uploaded file. Some fields include:

Email display
Forum auto-subscribe
City/town
ID number
Institution
Department

Upload user results

After accepting the preview settings by clicking on "Upload users", you should see the the Upload users results screen.

The results screen; everything went well!

This screen will show you any exceptions or changes that were made to each user in the upload process. For example if you were updating user information, the updated information will be shown. Or if a user was not added that record will be highlighted.

The screen will summarize how many users were uploaded or updated, indicate the number of weak passwords and the number of errors.

Advanced potentials of Upload user

Templates

Note: This section needs checking and updating if necessary for Moodle 2.0. Please do so and remove this note when finished.

The default values are processed as templates in which the following codes are allowed:

%l - will be replaced by the lastname
%f - will be replaced by the firstname
%u - will be replaced by the username
%% - will be replaced by the %

Between the percent sign (%) and any code letter (l, f or u) the following modifiers are allowed:

(-) minus sign - the information specified by the code letter will be converted to lowercase
(+) plus sign - the information specified by the code letter will be converted to UPPERCASE
(~) tilde sign - the information specified by the code letter will be converted to Title Case
a decimal number - the information specified by the code letter will be truncated to that many characters

For example, if the firstname is John and the lastname is Doe, the following values will be obtained with the specified templates:

%l%f = DoeJohn
%l%1f = DoeJ
%-l%+f = doeJOHN
%-f_%-l = john_doe
http://www.example.com/~%u/ results in http://www.example.com/~jdoe/ (if the username is jdoe or %-1f%-l)

Template processing is done only on default values, and not on the values retrieved from the CSV file.

In order to create correct Moodle usernames, the username is always converted to lowercase. Moreover, if the "Allow extended characters in usernames" option in the Site policies page is off, characters different to letters, digits, dash (-) and dot (.) are removed. For example if the firstname is John Jr. and the lastname is Doe, the username %-f_%-l will produce john jr._doe when Allow extended characters in usernames is on, and johnjr.doe when off.

When the "New username duplicate handling" setting is set to Append counter, an auto-increment counter will be append to duplicate usernames produced by the template. For example, if the CSV file contains the users named John Doe, Jane Doe and Jenny Doe without explicit usernames, the default username is %-1f%-l and New username duplicate handling is set to Append counter, then the usernames produced will be jdoe, jdoe2 and jdoe3.

Deleting accounts

If the deleted field is present, users with value 1 for it will be deleted. In this case, all the fields may be omitted, except for username. After uploading the file, be sure to change the "Upload type" to "Update existing users only" and the "Allow deletes" option to "Yes".

Tip: A similar field is available for suspended. This enables a user account to be temporarily disabled rather than completely removed.

Deleting and uploading accounts could be done with a single CSV file. For example, the following file will add the user Tom Jones and delete the user reznort:

username,firstname,lastname,deleted
jonest,Tom,Jones,0
reznort,,,1

Encoding file format

On the initial Upload user screen, you may select the file encoding format from a pull down list. These include UTF-8 (the default), ASCII, ISO-8859-1 to ISO-8859-11 or any one of over 36 formats.

Hints

Spreadsheet

If you use a spreadsheet program such as Excel to create your .csv file, check the resulting output in a text editor before you upload it. It is possible to get trailing commas on each line from an empty field if you have added and deleted columns of information prior to saving the final file. Also check the character encoding. A csv file is a simple text file (ASCII or Unicode) that can be used to upload user accounts.

Excel translates passwords that begin with - (minus) or + (plus) as zero. Even when saving as .csv and saying "Yes" to "Keep this format, and leave out any incompatible features." Check for this before uploading, as a zero halts the upload process.

If you use a formula in Excel to create fields (for example, the concatenate function to create a user name), then remember to copy the cells with the formula and use special paste with values checked to make them into an acceptable data for a csv file.

The upload will also fail if you have trailing spaces at the end of your data fields. Often, this can not be removed with a simple Find " " and Replace with "". If information has been copied from web sources than it is possible to include non-breaking spaces which will prevent your upload from being completed correctly. To find these invisible spaces, use the Find and Replace function in Excel. In the find field, hold alt and type 0160. Leave the replace field blank.

Field size limits

Some fields have maximum character lengths, as defined in the database fields. Typically the file will import to the preview list screen but not finish the process. Turn on debug to see the fields that are too long. The error will be "User not added - error".

The sizes of some common fields, in number of characters, are currently (3.2):

username - 100
password - 255
idnumber - 255
firstname - 100
lastname - 100
lastnamephonetic - 255
firstnamephonetic - 255
middlename - 255
alternatename - 255
institution - 255
department - 255
address - 255
city - 120
icq -15
skype - 50
yahoo - 50
aim - 50
msn - 50
phone1 - 20
phone2 - 20

All user fields listed here

All the user fields that are valid in an upload file are listed below, except for any custom fields you may have created (for which see below.)

firstname,lastname,username,email,password,auth,idnumber,institution,department,city,country,timezone,lang,mailformat,maildisplay,maildigest,htmleditor,autosubscribe,skype,msn,aim,yahoo,icq,phone1,phone2,address,url,description,descriptionformat,interests,oldusername,deleted,suspended,alternatename,lastnamephonetic,firstnamephonetic,middlename

The enrolments into courses information are

course1,type1,role1,group1,enrolperiod1,enrolstatus1

where each enrolment is grouped by number.

Capabilities

You may wish to create a limited role to allow some users access to this function. Create a role at the system/site level with the following capabilities allowed:

moodle/site:uploadusers
moodle/role:assign

And

In 'Allow role assignments' tab of this new role, permit it to assign the required roles that it may be uploading, especially Student, but also Teacher, Non-editing Teacher, and any other custom roles you may have created, which will be used in the uploads to assign users to.

In particular, don't forget the moodle/role:assign capability (even if these users have it in the courses they will be enrolling users in - it won't work).

Proceso de subir archivos

Crear el archivo para subir
ir a Administración del sitio > Usuarios > Cuentas > Subir usuarios
Añadir el archivo para subir
Vista previa de subir usuarios - revisar configuraciones y configuraciones del perfil de usuario por defecto
Vista previa de subir usuarios - hacer click en "Subir usuarios"
Resultados de subir usuarios - muestra lista de usuarios, excepciones hechas en la subida y resumen de número de usuarios
Resultados de subir usuarios - hacer click en "Continuar"
Regresar a la pantalla para subir usuarios

Vista previa al actualizar usuarios

Hay varias configuraciones para un mejor control del comportamiento al subir deseado. Estas configuraciones se encuentran en la página de "Vista previa de Subir usuarios (Upload users preview)".

Advertencia: los errores al actualizar cuentas existentes pueden afectar feamente a sus usuarios . Sea cuidadoso al usar las opciones para actualizar.

Tipo de subida

El tipo de subida especifica cómo manejar las cuentas ya existentes.

Agregar sólo nuevos, pasar por alto usuarios existentes: es el formato Moodle de subida por defecto. Crea una nueva cuenta de usuario por cada nuevo registro en el archivo que se sube. Si se encuentra un username (nombre_de_usuario) existente (es decir, el username del archivo que se sube coincide con un username existente), ese registro es "saltado", por lo que no se modifican los datos en el registro ya existente en Moodle (a diferencia de la opción "Añadir nuevos y actualizar usuarios existentes"), ni se crea una segunda nueva cuenta de usuario (a diferencia de lo que ocurre con la opción "Añadir todos, anexando un número al usuario si es necesario")
Agregar todo, añadir contador a nombres de usuario si fuera necesario: crea una nueva cuenta de usuario para cada registro del archivo descargado. Si se encuentra una cuenta de usuario ya existente, se creará una nueva cuenta con un número añadido al username. Por ejemplo, si una cuenta de usuario para el username "jsmith" ya existe y un registro nuevo del archivo que se descarga contiene un registro para ese mismo username "jsmith", se creará una nueva cuenta con un 1 "añadido" al username para producir el nombre de usuario "jsmith1"
Agregar nuevos y actualizar usuarios existentes: crea una nueva cuenta de usuario para cada nuevo registro del archivo descargado. Si una cuenta ya existente tiene el mismo username , la información de ese registro es actualizada a partir de los datos en el archivo descargado.
Actualizar sólo usuarios existentes: ignora cualquier nuevo usuario del archivo descargado y actualiza la cuenta para la que existe un username igual en el archivo descargado.

Contraseña de usuario nuevo

Cuando se crea una cuenta de usuario nuevo, Moodle puede crear una contraeña nueva (si no se proporciona una) o requerir una contraseña en el archivo subido.

Create password if needed (Crear contraseña si fuera necesaria): crea una contraseña por defecto para la nueva cuenta de usuario si no se proporciona una en el archivo subido.
Field required in file (Campo requerido en el archivo): requiere que se proporcione una contraseña en el archivo subido en orden. Si no se proporcionara una contraseña, se genera un error y no se crea la cuenta del usuario.

Detalles del usuario existente

Está sección sólo está disponibles cuando el tipo de "Subida" incluye la actualización de datos de usuarios existentes. Aquí se específica cómo Moodle deberá tratar la información de los usuarios existentes.

No changes (sin cambios): ignora los datos de detalles del usuario en el archivo subido y deja los datos de las cuentas de usuario existentes sin cambios.
Override with file (sobre-escribir con archivo): sobre-escribe datos en la cuenta existente del usuario con los datos proporcionados en el archivo subido.
Override with file and defaults (sobre-escribir con archivo y valores por defecto): sobre-escribe datos en la cuenta del suauario existente con datos proporcionados en el archivo subido y llena los valores por defecto para los detalles del usuario existentes cuando no se proporcionan datos en los archivos subidos.
Fill in missing from file and defaults (llenar faltantes con archivo y valores por defecto): añade datos en la cuenta del usuario existente con datos proporcionados en el archivo subido si el campo está vacío (que aun no contiene datos) y llena los valores por defecto para los detalles del usuario existentes cuando no se proporcionan datos en el archivo subido.

Contraseña del usuario existente

La opción para la contraseña del usuario existente especifica como manejar los datos de contraseña para cuentas de usuario existentes cuando los detalles de usuario existentes están configurados a sobre-escribir datos.

No changes (sin cambios): ignora el campo de contraseña en el archivo del usuario subido y deja la contraseña existente en la cuenta del usuario sin tocar
Update (actualizar): sobre-escribe la contraseña del usuario existente con la contraseña proporcionada en el archivo subido

Nota: Urgente de Traducir. ¡ Anímese a traducir esta muy importante página !. ( y otras páginas muy importantes que urge traducir)

Forzar cambio de contraseña

La opción para 'Forzar los cambios de contraseña' especifica que cuando se marca una cuenta de usuario; entonces, con el siguiente inicio de sesión se le pedirá el cambio de su contraseña de usuario para poder acceder.

Los usuarios que contengan una contraseña débil: Si la cuenta de usuario tiene una contraseña débil tal y como está definida por las Políticas de contraseñas, entonces el usuario será forzado para que tenga que cambiar la contraseña débil en el siguiente intento de inicio de sesión. Esta opción no se muestra si no se tiene una Política de contraseñas; en otras palabras $CFG->passwordpolicy deberá de estár configurado para hacer válida esta opción.

None (Ninguno): Ninguno de los usuarios que sean cargados en un archivo serán forzados a cambiar la contraseña en el siguiente intento de inicio de sesión.
All (Todos): Todos los usuarios que sean cargados en un archivo serán forzados a cambiar la contraseña en el siguiente intento de inicio de sesión.

Permitir cambio de nombre

If the uploaded flie contains the special oldusername field, it is possible to rename a user from the oldusername to a new username. The default setting is to not allow renames. Keep in mind that renaming a user will require the user to use the new username when logging in.

No: ignores the oldusername field and leaves the existing user account's username field unchanged.
Yes: allows the existing user account's username to be changed by the data provided in the uploaded file's username field. The oldusername will be searched for and then updated with the data provided in the username column.

Permitir eliminaciones

If the uploaded file contains the deleted special field, it is possible to use the upload file to delete existing user accounts. The default setting is to not allow deletes. Keep in mind that deleting a user account will prevent that user from logging in. As a protection, site administrator user accounts cannot be deleted with this method.

No: ignores the deleted special field in the uploaded file and leaves the existing user account unchanged
Yes: allows the existing user account to be deleted when the value of the of the deleted field is 1.

Permitir suspensión y activación de cuentas

If the uploaded file contains the suspended special field, it is possible to use the upload file to either suspend or make active (unsuspend) existing user accounts. The default setting is to allow suspending/activating of existing user accounts. Keep in mind that suspending an existing user account will prevent that user from logging in.

Yes: allows the existing user account to be suspended when the value of the of the suspended field is 1.
No: ignores the suspended special field in the uploaded file and leaves the existing user account status unchanged.

Prevenir duplicados de direcciones de Email

It is possible, but not recommended to upload users with duplicate email addresses. By default, uploading users with duplicate email addresses is prevented. See MDL-38104 for some discussion. Further, since MDL-41115 added the ability for users to login with their email address it is even more important that duplicate email addresses be avoided.

To allow duplicate email addresses, go to Site administration ► Plugins ► Authentication ► Manage authentication. You can tick "Allow accounts with same email". Then on the upload users screen you will be allowed to change the "Prevent email address duplicates" setting. However, doing this is not recommended. For more info, see the Gestionando autenticación docs page

Yes: prevents user accounts from being created from the uploaded if an existing user account already has the same email address as found in the uploaded file's email column.
No: allows user accounts to be created if an existing user account already has the same email address found in the uploaded file's email column.

Estandarizar nombres_de_usuarios

Standardise usernames is used by default to convert the username to all lower case and to strip out illegal characters. It is possible to not standardise the usernames; however, doing so is not recommended.

Yes: standardises usernames found in the uploaded file before updating existing or creating new user accounts so that the username contains only lowercase letters and numbers.
No: skips standardising usernames found in the uploaded file so that the newly created or updated usernames will be exactly as they are in the uploaded file (not recommended).

For those seeking a more technical explanation, the process for standardising the usernames consists of ensuring the characters are all UTF-8 (fix_utf8) encoded, converting the username to lower case, and then stripping out non-letters/non-number characters (unless Site administration > Security > Site policies > Allow extended characters in usernames is set on) with something similar to:

$username = preg_replace('/[^-\.@_a-z0-9]/', , $username);

Seleccionar para acciones masivas con usuarios

After the uploaded file has finished being processed (all new accounts have been created and existing accounts updated as specified by the previous settings), there is an option to select some of those user accounts to perform additional Acciones masivas con usuarios such as

Confirm user accounts created through Email-based self-registration which are not yet confirmed by the user
Send a message (requires Messaging to be enabled)
Delete user accounts
Display a list of users on a page
Download user data in text, ODS or Excel file format
Force users to change their passwords
Add users to a cohort

By default, no users are selected for Acciones masivas con usuarios .

No: No users are selected for Acciones masivas con usuarios
New users: Only newly created users are selected for Acciones masivas con usuarios
Updated users: Only updated user accounts are selected for [ Acciones masivas con usuarios
All users: All users found (existing updated users and newly created user accounts) in the uploaded file are selected for Acciones masivas con usuarios

Valores por defecto

You can provide default user values for some fields not included in the uploaded file. Some fields include:

Email display
Forum auto-subscribe
City/town
ID number
Institution
Department

Resultados de subida de usuarios

After accepting the preview settings by clicking on "Upload users", you should see the the Upload users results screen.

The results screen; everything went well!

This screen will show you any exceptions or changes that were made to each user in the upload process. For example if you were updating user information, the updated information will be shown. Or if a user was not added that record will be highlighted.

The screen will summarize how many users were uploaded or updated, indicate the number of weak passwords and the number of errors.

Potenciales avanzados de Subida de usuarios

Plantillas

Note: This section needs checking and updating if necessary for Moodle 2.0. Please do so and remove this note when finished.

The default values are processed as templates in which the following codes are allowed:

%l - will be replaced by the lastname
%f - will be replaced by the firstname
%u - will be replaced by the username
%% - will be replaced by the %

Between the percent sign (%) and any code letter (l, f or u) the following modifiers are allowed:

(-) minus sign - the information specified by the code letter will be converted to lowercase
(+) plus sign - the information specified by the code letter will be converted to UPPERCASE
(~) tilde sign - the information specified by the code letter will be converted to Title Case
a decimal number - the information specified by the code letter will be truncated to that many characters

For example, if the firstname is John and the lastname is Doe, the following values will be obtained with the specified templates:

%l%f = DoeJohn
%l%1f = DoeJ
%-l%+f = doeJOHN
%-f_%-l = john_doe
http://www.example.com/~%u/ results in http://www.example.com/~jdoe/ (if the username is jdoe or %-1f%-l)

Template processing is done only on default values, and not on the values retrieved from the CSV file.

In order to create correct Moodle usernames, the username is always converted to lowercase. Moreover, if the "Allow extended characters in usernames" option in the Site policies page is off, characters different to letters, digits, dash (-) and dot (.) are removed. For example if the firstname is John Jr. and the lastname is Doe, the username %-f_%-l will produce john jr._doe when Allow extended characters in usernames is on, and johnjr.doe when off.

When the "New username duplicate handling" setting is set to Append counter, an auto-increment counter will be append to duplicate usernames produced by the template. For example, if the CSV file contains the users named John Doe, Jane Doe and Jenny Doe without explicit usernames, the default username is %-1f%-l and New username duplicate handling is set to Append counter, then the usernames produced will be jdoe, jdoe2 and jdoe3.

Eliminar cuentas

If the deleted field is present, users with value 1 for it will be deleted. In this case, all the fields may be omitted, except for username. After uploading the file, be sure to change the "Upload type" to "Update existing users only" and the "Allow deletes" option to "Yes".

Tip: A similar field is available for suspended. This enables a user account to be temporarily disabled rather than completely removed.

Deleting and uploading accounts could be done with a single CSV file. For example, the following file will add the user Tom Jones and delete the user reznort:

username,firstname,lastname,deleted
jonest,Tom,Jones,0
reznort,,,1

Codificar formato de archivo

On the initial Upload user screen, you may select the file encoding format from a pull down list. These include UTF-8 (the default), ASCII, ISO-8859-1 to ISO-8859-11 or any one of over 36 formats.

Pistas

Hoja-de-cálculo

If you use a spreadsheet program such as Excel to create your .csv file, check the resulting output in a text editor (eg, Notepad++) before you upload it. It is possible to get trailing commas on each line from an empty field if you have added and deleted columns of information prior to saving the final file. Also check the character encoding. A csv file is a simple text file (ASCII or Unicode) that can be used to upload user accounts.

Excel translates passwords that begin with - (minus) or + (plus) as zero. Even when saving as .csv and saying "Yes" to "Keep this format, and leave out any incompatible features." Check for this before uploading, as a zero halts the upload process.

If you use a formula in Excel to create fields (for example, the concatenate function to create a user name), then remember to copy the cells with the formula and use special paste with values checked to make them into an acceptable data for a csv file.

The upload will also fail if you have trailing spaces at the end of your data fields. Often, this can not be removed with a simple Find " " and Replace with "". If information has been copied from web sources than it is possible to include non-breaking spaces which will prevent your upload from being completed correctly. To find these invisible spaces, use the Find and Replace function in Excel. In the find field, hold alt and type 0160. Leave the replace field blank.

País

El páís debe escribirse con un código de dos letras MAYÚSCULAS. Por ejemplo, use ES para España, MX para México, BE para Bélgica o NL para los Países Bajos (Netherlands). El usar "be" o "nl" o "USA" como códigos de país resultara en un error de la base de datos.

Nota: Si tiene dificultades para encontrar el código de dos letras para un país, puede consultar la lista de nombres de países y códigos disponible en idioma inglés en el sitio web de ISO.

Límites del tamaño del campo

Algunos campos tienen máximos de largo de caracteres, como se define en los campos de la BasedeDatos. Típicamente el archivo importará a la pantalla de vista previa pero no terminará el proceso. Active la depuración (debugging) para ver los campos que sean demasiado largos. El error será "User not added - error" (Usuario no añadido - error).

Los tamaños de algunos campos comunes, en el número de caracteres, son actualmente (Moodle 3.2):

username - 100
password - 255
idnumber - 255
firstname - 100
lastname - 100
lastnamephonetic - 255
firstnamephonetic - 255
middlename - 255
alternatename - 255
institution - 255
department - 255
address - 255
city - 120
icq -15
skype - 50
yahoo - 50
aim - 50
msn - 50
phone1 - 20
phone2 - 20

Zonas horarias

The entry is case sensitive so Europe/London will work but europe/london will not. Use the names from the Timezone list found in Site administration > Location > Default timezone in their proper format.

Todos los campos de usuario enlistados aquí

All the user fields that are valid in an upload file are listed below, except for any custom fields you may have created (for which see below.)

firstname,lastname,username,email,password,auth,idnumber,institution,department,city,country,timezone,lang,mailformat,maildisplay,maildigest,htmleditor,autosubscribe,skype,msn,aim,yahoo,icq,phone1,phone2,address,url,description,descriptionformat,oldusername,deleted,suspended,alternatename,lastnamephonetic,firstnamephonetic,middlename

TIP: You can copy/paste the above as plain text and save it as a csv file to use as a template header for your upload files.

The courses are listed by number as

course1,course2,course3,course4

etc.

Inscribir usuarios a Cohortes (grupos del sistema)

Usted puede incscribir usuarios a cualquier Cohorte (grupo a nivel del sistema) al usar solamente "username" y "Cohort ID". Aquí está un archivo CSV de ejemplo:

username,cohort1
maestro1,profesores-sistema
maestror2,profesores-sistema
maestro3,profesores-sistema

Asegúrese de configurar el "Tipo de subida" a "Solamente actualizar usuarios existentes" (Para que no se le pida a Usted que añada los campos de nombre, apellido y el Email también)

Capacidades

Usted podría querer crear un rol limitado que les permita a algunos usuarios el acceder a esta función. Cree un rol y asígnelo al usuario en el nivel de sistema/sitio con las siguientes capacidades permitidas:

moodle/site:uploadusers
moodle/role:assign
En 'Permitir asignaciones de roles' permítale a este nuevo rol el que asigne los roles necesarios.

En particular, no olvide la capacidad moodle/role:assign (aun y cuando estos usuarios la tengan dentro de los cursos en los que estarán inscribiendo usuarios - no funcionará).

Vea también

Adding users by using a CSV in Moodle MoodleBites video on YouTube
Inscripción por Archivo plano
Campos de perfil de usuario para detalles acerca de como incluir datos sobre campos de perfil del usuario personalizados en el archivo para subir usuarios.
Subir cursos

Using Moodle forum discussions:

Can I auto enroll from Excel?
Uploading users to custom roles
User upload option: standardise usernames
Matriculacion con flat file csv - discussion in Spanish

Documentation

36/Subir usuarios

Subir usuarios mediante archivo de texto

Formatos de archivo del archivo para subir usuarios

Archivo de subida válido para pruebas

Campos del usuario que pueden incluirse

Campos obligatorios

Contraseñas (Passwords)

Campos del usuario opcionales

Optional user fields

Custom profile field names

Special user change fields

Enrolment fields

Cohort membership assignment

MNet

Set system roles

Upload user process

Updating users preview

Upload type

New user password

Existing user details

Existing user password

Force password change

Allow renames

Allow deletes

Allow suspending and activating of accounts

Prevent email address duplicates

Standardise usernames

Select for bulk user actions

Default values

Upload user results

Advanced potentials of Upload user

Templates

Deleting accounts

Encoding file format

Hints

Spreadsheet

Field size limits

All user fields listed here

Capabilities

See also

Proceso de subir archivos

Vista previa al actualizar usuarios

Tipo de subida

Contraseña de usuario nuevo

Detalles del usuario existente

Contraseña del usuario existente

Forzar cambio de contraseña

Permitir cambio de nombre

Permitir eliminaciones

Permitir suspensión y activación de cuentas

Prevenir duplicados de direcciones de Email

Estandarizar nombres_de_usuarios

Seleccionar para acciones masivas con usuarios

Valores por defecto

Resultados de subida de usuarios

Potenciales avanzados de Subida de usuarios

Plantillas

Eliminar cuentas

Codificar formato de archivo

Pistas

Hoja-de-cálculo

País

Límites del tamaño del campo

Zonas horarias

Todos los campos de usuario enlistados aquí

Inscribir usuarios a Cohortes (grupos del sistema)

Capacidades

Vea también