Step-by-step Install Guide for Debian

From MoodleDocs

Preparation

To run these commands you must: 

* have a Linux Debian 11 server. A GUI (graphical user interface) is not necessary or recommended.
* have sudo or root access

A suitable Linux Debian server can be a VPS from a hosting company, a VirtualBox image or from Windows WSL. For non production use, 1GB of RAM and a single CPU provides a workable Moodle.

You can check your server with these commands. 

lsb_release -ds  #Returns Debian GNU/Linux 11 (bullseye)" or similar
sudo apache2 -v; sudo php -v; sudo mysql -V #"command not found" show these programs are  not already installed on your machine

Passwords

The pasted commands will create two passwords, one for the SQL root user and the other for the Moodle SQL user.  At the end of the script, these passwords will be shown. Write them down and keep in a safe place.    

Running these commands on your server

Copy and paste each complete step onto your server and press Enter. Lines beginning with a # are comments but can be copied. Make sure you are copying the complete step, ending with the line " "Step x has completed."

# Step 1 LAMP server installaton
#Update the system and install git, Apache, PHP and modules required by Moodle
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install -y apache2 php7.4 libapache2-mod-php7.4 php7.4-mysql graphviz aspell git 
sudo apt-get install -y clamav php7.4-pspell php7.4-curl php7.4-gd php7.4-intl php7.4-mysql ghostscript
sudo apt-get install -y php7.4-xml php7.4-xmlrpc php7.4-ldap php7.4-zip php7.4-soap php7.4-mbstring
#Install Debian default database MariaDB 
sudo apt-get install -y mariadb-server mariadb-client
echo "Step 1 has completed."

# Step 2 Clone the Moodle repository into /opt and copy to /var/www
# Use MOODLE_401_STABLE branch as Debian 11 ships with php7.4
echo "Cloning Moodle repository into /opt and copying to /var/www/"
echo "Be patient, this can take several minutes."
cd /var/www
sudo git clone https://github.com/moodle/moodle.git
cd moodle
sudo git checkout -t origin/MOODLE_401_STABLE
echo "Step 2 has completed."

# Step 3 Directories, ownership, permissions, php.ini changes and virtual hosts 
sudo mkdir -p /var/www/moodledata
sudo chown -R www-data /var/www/moodledata
sudo chmod -R 777 /var/www/moodledata
sudo chmod -R 755 /var/www/moodle
# Change the Apache DocumentRoot using sed so Moodle opens at http://webaddress
sudo cp /etc/apache2/sites-available/000-default.conf /etc/apache2/sites-available/moodle.conf
sudo sed -i 's|/var/www/html|/var/www/moodle|g' /etc/apache2/sites-available/moodle.conf
sudo a2dissite 000-default.conf
sudo a2ensite moodle.conf
sudo systemctl reload apache2
# Update the php.ini files, required to pass Moodle install check
sudo sed -i 's/.*max_input_vars =.*/max_input_vars = 5000/' /etc/php/7.4/apache2/php.ini
sudo sed -i 's/.*post_max_size =.*/post_max_size = 80M/' /etc/php/7.4/apache2/php.ini
sudo sed -i 's/.*upload_max_filesize =.*/upload_max_filesize = 80M/' /etc/php/7.4/apache2/php.ini
# Restart Apache to allow changes to take place
sudo service apache2 restart
echo "Step 3 has completed."


# Step 4 Set up cron job to run every minute 
echo "Cron job added for the www-data user."
CRON_JOB="* * * * * /var/www/moodle/admin/cli/cron.php >/dev/null"
echo "$CRON_JOB" > /tmp/moodle_cron
sudo crontab -u www-data /tmp/moodle_cron
sudo rm /tmp/moodle_cron
echo "Step 4 has completed."

# Step 5 Secure the MySQL service and create the database and user for Moodle
MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=$(openssl rand -base64 6)
MYSQL_MOODLEUSER_PASSWORD=$(openssl rand -base64 6)
# Set the root password using mysqladmin
sudo mysqladmin -u root password "$MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD"
# Create the Moodle database and user
echo "Creating the Moodle database and user..."
mysql -u root -p"$MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD" <<EOF
CREATE DATABASE moodle DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci;
CREATE USER 'moodleuser'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '$MYSQL_MOODLEUSER_PASSWORD';
GRANT SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, CREATE, CREATE TEMPORARY TABLES, DROP, INDEX, ALTER ON moodle.* TO 'moodleuser'@'localhost';
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
\q
EOF
# Display the generated passwords (if needed, for reference)
echo "SQL root password: $MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD, moodle SQL password: $MYSQL_MOODLEUSER_PASSWORD"
sudo chmod -R 777 /var/www/moodle
echo "Step 5 has completed."


Write down the SQL root password and moodle SQL password and keep them in a secure place, You will need them later.

Web based Install

You can now go to your web address (http://example http://example.com com or http://182.168.254.254) and complete the installation. You will need the following information:

  • Database type: MariaDB
  • Moodle User" moodleuser
  • Moodle User Password: moodle SQL password (the one you wrote down earlier)

Default values Moodle directory is in /var/www/moodle, moodledata is in /var/www/moodledata 

# Step 6 Secure the SQL Server and close down permissions on the moodle directory
sudo mysql_secure_installation
sudo chmod -R 755 /var/www/moodle
echo "Step 6 has completed."

Recommended Extra Configuration

phpmyadmin provides a way to look at your database tables through a Web browser. It makes viewing and changing database tables much easier.

You will need your root SQL password when creating the new user. Remember to change the word "password" to a secure password 

# Install phpmyadmin
sudo apt update
sudo apt install phpmyadmin
sudo ln -s /usr/share/phpmyadmin /var/www/moodle/phpmyadmin
sudo cp /etc/apache2/sites-available/000-default.conf /etc/apache2/sites-available/phpmyadmin.conf
sudo sed -i 's|/var/www/html|/usr/share/phpmyadmin|g' /etc/apache2/sites-available/phpmyadmin.conf
sudo a2ensite phpmyadmin.conf
sudo systemctl reload apache2
sudo systemctl restart apache2
sudo chown -R www-data:www-data /usr/share/phpmyadmin
sudo chmod -R 755 /usr/share/phpmyadmin
# Have you changed the phpmyadmin user password?
mysql -u root -p
CREATE USER 'phpmyadminuser'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'password';
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'phpmyadminuser'@'localhost' WITH GRANT OPTION;
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
exit;

Now you can log in to phpmyadmin at your web address, http://example.com/phpmyadmin

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