Administration via command line
Running CLI scripts
If you have shell access to your web server, you may find various CLI (command line interface) scripts useful during Moodle administration. Core admin CLI tools are located in the admin/cli/*
folder. Other plugins provide their CLI functionality via scripts in their own cli folder. For example, the enrol_db sync script is located in enrol/db/cli/
.
To avoid problems with access control, you should run them as the owner of the web server process. It is especially important for CLI installation and upgrade as they create new files in moodledata directory and the web server has to have write access to them. In Linux distributions, the user that runs the web server is usually apache or wwrun or httpd or something similar. As a root, you will probably want to execute Moodle CLI scripts like this:
$ cd /path/to/your/moodle/dir $ sudo -u apache /usr/bin/php admin/cli/somescript.php --params
Most of the scripts accept common --help (or -h) parameter to display the full usage information, for example:
$ sudo -u apache /usr/bin/php admin/cli/install.php --help
Upgrading
Moodle can be upgraded from the command line. As with the installation script, there is either interactive or non-interactive mode of the upgrade. The script itself does not put the site into the maintenance mode, you have to do it on your own. Also, the script does not backup any data (if you read this page, you probably have some own scripts to backup your moodledata and the database, right?)
$ sudo -u apache /usr/bin/php admin/cli/upgrade.php
Upgrading via command line is a very comfortable way of Moodle upgrade if you use Git checkout of the Moodle source code (see Git for Administrators). See the following procedure how to upgrade your site within several seconds to the most recent version while preserving your eventual local customizations tracked in git repository:
$ cd /var/www/sites/moodle/htdocs/ $ sudo -u apache /usr/bin/php admin/cli/maintenance.php --enable $ git pull $ sudo -u apache /usr/bin/php admin/cli/upgrade.php $ sudo -u apache /usr/bin/php admin/cli/maintenance.php --disable
Installation
There are two modes of installing Moodle from the command line. In interactive mode, the install script asks you for all data needed to properly set up new Moodle site. In non-interactive mode, you must provide all required data as the script parameters and then the new site is installed silently. The parameters can be passed in the interactive mode, too. The provided values are then used as the default values during the interactive session.
$ sudo -u apache /usr/bin/php admin/cli/install.php --lang=cs
Maintenance mode
To switch your site into the maintenance mode via CLI, you can use
$ sudo -u apache /usr/bin/php admin/cli/maintenance.php --enable
To turn maintenance mode off, just execute the same script with --disable parameter.
Offline mode
In some situations, you may want to switch your Moodle site into offline mode so that it is not accessible via the web but you can not stop the web server completely (typically because there are other web pages and applications running there). If a file called climaintenance.html
exists in the root folder of moodledata directory, Moodle will automatically display the contents of that file instead of any other page.
$ cd /var/www/sites/moodle/moodledata/ $ echo '<h1>Sorry, maintenance in progress</h1>' > climaintenance.html
You can prepare a nice formatted HTML page to inform your users about the server being down and keep in the moodledata directory under a name like climaintenance.off
and rename it to the climaintenance.html
if needed.
Custom site defaults
During the install and upgrade via CLI, Moodle sets the administration variables to the default values. You can use different defaults. See MDL-17850 for details. Shortly, all you need to do is to add a file local/defaults.php
into your Moodle installation. The format of the file is like
<?php
$defaults['pluginname']['settingname'] = 'settingvalue'; // for plugins
$defaults['moodle']['settingname'] = 'settingvalue'; // for core settings
These defaults are used during install, upgrade and are also displayed as defaults on Site administration pages.
Reset user password
If you happen to forget your admin password (or you want to set a password for any other user on the site), you can use reset_password.php script. The script sets the correctly salted password for the given user.
$ sudo -u apache /usr/bin/php admin/cli/reset_password.php
MySQL storage engine conversion
If you run your Moodle site with MySQL database backend and use the default MyISAM as the storage engine for your tables, you may want to convert them to use some more reliable engine like InnoDB (actually, you should want to switch to PostgreSQL ;-) anyway).
$ sudo -u apache /usr/bin/php admin/cli/mysql_engine.php --engine=InnoDB
Converting InnoDB tables to Barracuda
Sites using MySQL with database tables using Antelope as the file format are recommended to convert the tables to the Barracuda file format.
This is because tables using Antelope as the file format cannot handle more than 10 text columns. This file formats only supports compact and redundant row formats for backward compatibility reasons. This may cause a problem on larger sites when restoring a course, in which case the following error will be displayed:
Row size too large (>8126). Changing some columns to TEXT or BLOB or using ROW_FORMAT=DYNAMIC or ROW_FORMAT=COMPRESSED may help.
Barracuda is the newest innoDB file format. In addition to supporting compact and redundant row formats, Barracuda also supports compressed and dynamic row formats.
However, converting tables to Barracuda is only recommended, and not required, since not all MySQL users are affected. (It may only be a problem for larger sites.)
Tool for converting tables
A command line tool is included in Moodle for converting tables to Barracuda.
To view tables requiring conversion, use the list option:
$ php admin/cli/mysql_compressed_rows.php --list
Here is an example output:
mdl_data Compact (needs fixing) mdl_data_fields Compact (needs fixing) mdl_enrol_paypal Compact (needs fixing)
To proceed with the conversion, run the command using the fix option:
$ php admin/cli/mysql_compressed_rows.php --fix
Successful table conversion will be reported in the output, for example:
mdl_data ... Compressed mdl_data_fields ... Compressed mdl_enrol_paypal ... Compressed
Please note that the commands must be executed on your moodle directory. Once tables are fixed, the warning message will no longer be displayed.
For further information on InnoDB file formats see the MySQL InnoDB glossary - Antelope and the MySQL InnoDB glossary - Barracuda.
Running cron via command line
In versions 1.x, you could execute admin/cron.php either from command line or via the web. Since Moodle 2.0, only admin/cli/cron.php script can be run via command line.
Scheduled tasks
Scheduled tasks are automatically run by the cron script, but the specific tasks which run on each cron iteration are determined by the scheduled tasks configuration. It is possible to override the scheduled tasks configuration and run a single scheduled task immediately using the admin/tool/task/cli/schedule_task.php script.
This script accepts the following arguments:
--list - list all the known scheduled tasks. The tasks are listed by the class name used to run the task. This class name is required as the argument to the next option in order to run a specific task immediately.
--execute=<task> - Runs a single scheduled task immediately - regardless of scheduling settings. This will even run disabled tasks. Tasks will still use locking to prevent concurrent execution of the same task - even on clusters. The format of the <task> argument must be the same as returned by the --list option above.
Note: You must escape the "\" with an extra \ when using the --execute command. Take the following for example:
php schedule_task.php --list
will return something like:
== List of scheduled tasks (http://yourserver.com/moodle) == \enrol_imsenterprise\task\cron_task 10 * * * * * ASAP \logstore_legacy\task\cleanup_task * 5 * * * * ASAP \logstore_standard\task\cleanup_task * 4 * * * * Wednesday, November 12, 2014, 4:35 AM \mod_forum\task\cron_task * * * * * * ASAP \core\task\automated_backup_task 50 * * * * * ASAP ...
To run the first task in that list, you would execute
php schedule_task.php --execute=\\enrol_imsenterprise\\task\\cron_task
Database transfer
A command line script for Database transfer may be found in admin/tool/dbtransfer/cli/migrate.php.
Purge caches
You can purge caches using this script:
php admin/cli/purge_caches.php
Fix course / module sequences
In rare cases (such as after upgrading from a very old version of Moodle), the course / section / module sequence data can be out of sync. This can cause various problems for affected courses, such as sections not appearing, backups failing, pages not displaying etc. There is a specific check to check for errors caused by this problem, and to fix the data in the database if they are found. To run this script please use the command below:
php admin/cli/fix_course_sequence.php -c=* --fix
This will check every course in Moodle and report which ones had errors and were fixed.