Gradebook help files
Aggregate only non-empty grades
Nonexistent grades are either treated as minimal grades or not included in aggregation.
Include outcomes in aggregation
Including outcomes in aggregation may not lead to the desired overall grade, so you have the option to include or leave them out.
Aggregate including subcategories
The aggregation is usually done only with immediate children, it is also possible to aggregate grades in all subcategories excluding other aggregated grades.
Category aggregation
This menu lets you choose the aggregation strategy that will be used to calculate each participant's overall grade for this category. The different options are explained below.
The grades are first converted to percentage values (interval from 0 to 1, this is called normalisation), then aggregated using one of the functions below and finally converted to the associated category item's range (between Minimum grade and Maximum grade).
Important: An empty grade is simply a missing gradebook entry, and could mean different things. For example, it could be a participant who hasn't yet submitted an assignment, an assignment submission not yet graded by the teacher, or a grade that has been manually deleted by the gradebook administrator. Caution in interpreting these "empty grades" is thus advised.
Mean of grades
- The sum of all grades divided by the total number of grades.
A1 70/100, A2 20/80, A3 10/10, category max 100: (0.7 + 0.25 + 1.0)/3 = 0.65 --> 65/100
Weighted mean
- Each grade item can be given a weight, which is then used in the arithmetic mean aggregation to influence the importance of each item in the overall mean.
A1 70/100 weight 10, A2 20/80 weight 5, A3 10/10 weight 3, category max 100: (0.7*10 + 0.25*5 + 1.0*3)/18 = 0.625 --> 62.5/100
Simple weighted mean
- The difference from Weighted mean is that weight is calculated as Maximum grade - Minimum grade for each item. 100 point assignment has weight 100, 10 point assignment has weight 10.
A1 70/100, A2 20/80, A3 10/10, category max 100: (0.7*100 + 0.25*80 + 1.0*10)/190 = 0.526 --> 52.6/100
Mean of grades (with extra credits)
- Arithmetic mean with a twist. An old, now unsupported aggregation strategy provided here only for backward compatibility with old activities.
Median of grades
- The middle grade (or the mean of the two middle grades) when grades are arranged in order of size. The advantage over the mean is that it is not affected by outliers (grades which are uncommonly far from the mean).
A1 70/100, A2 20/80, A3 10/10, category max 100: median(0.7 ; 0.25 ; 1.0) = 0.7 --> 70/100
Smallest grade
- The result is the smallest grade after normalisation. It is usually used in combination with Aggregate only non-empty grades.
A1 70/100, A2 20/80, A3 10/10, category max 100: min(0.7 ; 0.25 ; 1.0) = 0.25 --> 25/100
Highest grade
- The result is the highest grade after normalisation.
A1 70/100, A2 20/80, A3 10/10, category max 100: max(0.7 ; 0.25 ; 1.0) = 1.0 --> 100/100
Mode of grades
- The mode is the grade that occurs the most frequently. It is more often used for non-numerical grades. The advantage over the mean is that it is not affected by outliers (grades which are uncommonly far from the mean). However it loses its meaning once there is more than one most frequently occurring grade (only one is kept), or when all the grades are different from each other.
A1 70/100, A2 35/50, A3 20/80, A4 10/10, A5 7/10 category max 100: mode(0.7 ; 0.7 ; 0.25 ; 1.0 ; 0.7) = 0.7 --> 70/100
Sum of grades
- The sum of all grade values. Scale grades are ignored. This is the only type that does not convert the grades to percentages internally (normalisation). The Maximum grade of associated category item is calculated automatically as a sum of maximums from all aggregated items.
A1 70/100, A2 20/80, A3 10/10: 70 + 20 + 10 = 100/190
Extra credit coefficient
A value greater than 0 treats this grade item's grades as Extra credit during aggregation. The number is a factor by which the grade value will be multiplied before it is added to the sum of all grades, but the item itself will not be counted in the division. For example:
- Item 1 is graded 0-100 and its "Extra credit" value is set to 2
- Item 2 is graded 0-100 and its "Extra credit" value is left at 0.0000
- Item 3 is graded 0-100 and its "Extra credit" value is left at 0.0000
- All 3 items belong to Category 1, which has "Mean of grades (with extra credits)" as its aggregation strategy
- A student gets graded 20 on Item 1, 40 on Item 2 and 70 on Item 3
- The student's total for Category 1 will be 95/100 since 20*2 + (40 + 70)/2 = 95
Act as extra credit
When the "Sum of grades" aggregation strategy is used, a grade item can act as Extra credit for the category. This means that the grade item's maximum grade will not be added to the category total's maximum grade, but the item's grade will. Following is an example:
- Item 1 is graded 0-100
- Item 2 is graded 0-75
- Item 1 has the "Act as extra credit" checkbox ticked, Item 2 doesn't.
- Both items belong to Category 1, which has "Sum of grades" as its aggregation strategy
- Category 1's total will be graded 0-75
- A student gets graded 20 on Item 1 and 70 on Item 2
- The student's total for Category 1 will be 75/75 (20+70 = 90 but Item 1 only acts as extra credit, so it brings the total to its maximum)
Item weight
Weight applied to all grades in this grade item during aggregation with other grade items.
Aggregation position
Defines the position of the aggregation total column in the report related to the grades being aggregated.
Aggregation view
Each category can be displayed in three ways: Full mode (aggregated column and grade item columns), the aggregated column only, or the grade items alone.
Decimals in column averages
Specifies the number of decimal points to display for each column mean. If Inherit is selected, the display type for each column is used.
Column averages display type
Specifies how to display the mean for each column. If Inherit is selected, the display type for each column is used.
