Установка Moodle

Главное, не пугайтесь! :-)

Здесь рассказывается как установить Moodle. For some of these steps it goes into a lot of detail to try and cover the majority of possible web server setups, so this page may look long and complicated. Don't panic, once you know how to do it you can install Moodle in minutes!

If you have problems please read this page carefully - most common issues are answered in here. If you still have trouble, you can seek help from the Moodle community via moodle.org Using Moodle.

Another option is to contact a Moodle Partner providing Moodle hosting who can completely maintain Moodle for you, so that you can ignore all this and get straight into educating!

If you want to run Moodle on your own computer and this page looks a bit daunting, then please see our guides: Installing Apache, MySQL and PHP or how to install one of Moodle's complete packages. They provide alternative instructions to install all this on most popular platforms.

Требования к системе

Поначалу Moodle создавался в Linux с использованием Apache, MySQL and PHP (Linux + Apache + MySQL + PHP = LAMP), но регулярно проверялся в работе с СУБД PostgreSQL, а также в среде Windows XP, Mac OS X и Netware 6.

Для работы Moodle предъявляет следующие требования к системе:

Должен быть установлен веб-сервер. Большинство предпочитают Apache, но Moodle будет хорошо работать и с любым другим веб-сервером, который поддерживает PHP, например IIS на Windows платформе. PHP does impose requirements on versions of web servers, however these are complex and the общий совет - используйте по возможности самую новую версию веб-сервера.
Язык сценариев PHP (версии 4.1.0 или выше). PHP 5 (version 5.1.0 or later) is supported as of Moodle 1.4. (Please note that there have been issues installing Moodle with PHP-Accelerator). Начиная с Moodle версии 1.6, the минимальная версия PHP должна быть 4.3.0 (or 5.1.0).
Работающий сервер СУБД: MySQL or PostgreSQL полностью поддерживаются и совместимы для использования с Moodle. Поддержка Microsoft SQL Server и Oracle была добавлена в Moodle 1.7. MySQL подойдет для большинства людей, потому что она очень популярна, но есть аргументы в пользу PostgreSQL, особенно если вы планируете в дальнейшем широкое развитие. Для Moodle 1.5 требуется MySQL не ниже 3.23. Moodle 1.6 требуется MySQL 4.1.16 (4.1.12 если вы используете только языки на основе латинского алфавита). The minimum version of PostgreSQL is 7.4 and it is widely used with 8.0 and 8.1.
Заметьте, что PHP опция "safe mode" должна быть OFF в файле конфигурации РНР (php.ini) и в файле настроек Apache (обычно httpd.config).

Большинство вебхостингов этим требованиям удовлетворяют. If you are signed up with one of the few webhosts that does not support these features ask them why, and consider taking your business elsewhere.

Кроме того, требуются библиотеки:

PHP расширения:

GD library and the FreeType 2 библиотеки на Linux/Unix системах должны быть доступны, чтобы просматривать динамические графики, которые строятся на странице просмотра отчетов о деятельности.
mbstring - требуется для работы с многобайтными строками. (iconv также рекомендуется для Moodle 1.6)
mysql библиотека если вы используете MySQL. В некоторые Linux дистрибутивы (например, Red Hat) эта библиотека уже включена.
pgsql библиотека нужна если вы используете PostgreSQL.
zlib библиотке нужна для работы с архивами.
другие библиотеки PHP также могут потребоваться для обеспечениядополнительных возможностей Moodle, especially external authentication and/or enrolment (e.g., LDAP extension)

Загрузка и размещение

Получить Moodle можно двумя способами - загрузить архивный файл или через CVS. Существует два типа архивов download page: http://download.moodle.org/, архив, содержащий только файлы Moodle и полный архив, который содержит необходимый для работы с Moodle набор программ. Helpful instructions for using CVS are at CVS_for_Administrators.

После загрузки распакуйте архив используя комманды

tar -zxvf [filename]

или

unzip [filename]

as appropriate (not necessary if using CVS) You will now be left with a directory called "moodle", containing a number of files and folders.

Полученную папку moodle вы можете положить на свой веб-сервер, если ваш сайт будет иметь адрес http://yourwebserver.com/moodle, либо вы можете скопировать содержимое этой папки прямо на веб-сервер если ваш сайт будет называться http://yourwebserver.com.

If you are downloading Moodle to your local computer and then uploading it to your web site, it is usually better to upload the whole archive as one file, and then do the unpacking on the server. Even web hosting interfaces like Cpanel allow you to uncompress archives in the "File Manager".

Структура папки Moodle

You can safely skip this section, but here is a quick summary of the contents of the Moodle folder, to help get you oriented:

config.php - содержит основные настройки. Этот файл создается в процессе инсталляции.

install.php - файл, который вы должны будете запустить, чтобы создать config.php.

version.php - содержит информацию об установленной у вас версии Moodle.

index.php - это первая страница вашего сайта.

admin/ - файлы администрирования вашего сайта.

auth/ - модули для идентификации пользователей сайта

blocks/ - plugin modules for the little side blocks on many pages

calendar/ - все для вывода и управления календарями

course/ - файлы для вывода и управления учебными курсами

doc/ - помощь по Moodle (то есть эта страница)

files/ - файлы для просмотра и управления загруженными файлами

lang/ - тексты на разных языках, одна директория - один язык (для локализации Moodle).

lib/ - основные библиотеки Moodle.

login/ - файлы для управления учетными записями

mod/ - все основные модули, которые используются для создания курсов.

pix/ - картинки для сайта

theme/ - темы для оформления сайта.

user/ - файлы для управления пользователями

Запистите установочный файл для создания файла config.php

Чтобы запустить установочный файл (install.php), попробуйте зайти в ваш Moodle используя веб-броузер или просто наберите http://yourserver/install.php в строке адреса.

(Инсталлер будет использовать cookie. Если вы увидете всплывающее окно с сообщением об этом, то разрешите использовать cookie!)

Moodle определит конфигурацию вашей системы и поможет в несколько шагов создать файл конфигурации config.php. Затем Moodle запишет его в ту же папку на сервере, в которую вы поместили Moodle, Либо вы можете нажать на кнопку и загрузить файл config.php из программы установки чтобы потом самостоятельно скопировать его в директорию Moodle на сервере.

Далее программа установки будет проверять настройки вашего сервера и давать советы по преодолению трудностей. В болшинстве случаев этих советов будет достаточно, but if you get stuck, look below for more information about some of common things that might be holding you up.

Проверка настроек веб-сервера

Firstly, make sure that your web server is set up to use index.php as a default page (perhaps in addition to index.html, default.htm and so on). In Apache, this is done using a DirectoryIndex parameter in your httpd.conf file. Mine usually looks like this:

DirectoryIndex index.php index.html index.htm

Just make sure index.php is in the list (and preferably towards the start of the list, for efficiency).

Secondly, if you are using Apache 2, then you should turn on the AcceptPathInfo variable, which allows scripts to be passed arguments like http://server/file.php/arg1/arg2. This is essential to allow relative links between your resources, and also provides a performance boost for people using your Moodle web site. You can turn this on by adding these lines to your httpd.conf file.

AcceptPathInfo on

Thirdly, Moodle requires a number of PHP settings to be active for it to work. On most servers these will already be the default settings. However, some PHP servers (and some of the more recent PHP versions) may have things set differently. These are defined in PHP's configuration file (usually called php.ini):

magic_quotes_gpc = 1    (preferred but not necessary)
magic_quotes_runtime = 0    (necessary)
file_uploads = 1
session.auto_start = 0
session.bug_compat_warn = 0

If you don't have access to httpd.conf or php.ini on your server, or you have Moodle on a server with other applications that require different settings, then don't worry, you can often still OVERRIDE the default settings.

To do this, you need to create a file called .htaccess in Moodle's main directory that contains lines like the following. This only works on Apache servers and only when Overrides have been allowed in the main configuration.

DirectoryIndex index.php index.html index.htm

<IfDefine APACHE2>
    AcceptPathInfo on
</IfDefine>

php_flag magic_quotes_gpc 1
php_flag magic_quotes_runtime 0
php_flag file_uploads 1
php_flag session.auto_start 0
php_flag session.bug_compat_warn 0

You can also do things like define the maximum size for uploaded files:

LimitRequestBody 0
php_value upload_max_filesize 2M
php_value post_max_size 2M

The easiest thing to do is just copy the sample file from lib/htaccess and edit it to suit your needs. It contains further instructions. For example, in a Unix shell:

cp lib/htaccess .htaccess

Creating a database

You need to create an empty database (eg "moodle") in your database system along with a special user (eg "moodleuser") that has access to that database (and that database only). You could use the "root" user if you wanted to for a test server, but this is not recommended for a production system: if hackers manage to discover the password then your whole database system would be at risk, rather than just one database.

Bear in mind that currently (as of 1.5.x) Moodle doesn't work with MySQL 5.x's new "STRICT_TRANS_TABLES" setting. So if you are using MySQL 5.x, edit MySQL's configuration file (called "my.ini" in Windows and "my.cnf" on Unix/Linux) and comment out that option (or simply delete it). You have to restart MySQL after changing this setting.

If you are using a webhost, they will probably have a control panel web interface for you to create your database.

The Cpanel system is one of the most popular of these. To create a database in Cpanel,

Click on the "MySQL Databases" icon.
Type "moodle" in the database field and click "Add Database".
Type a username and password (not one you use elsewhere) in the respective fields and click "Add User".
Now use the "Add User to Database" button to give this new user account "ALL" rights to the new database.
Note that the username and database names may be prefixed by your Cpanel account name. When entering this information into the Moodle installer - use the full names.

If you have access to Unix command lines then you can do the same sort of thing by typing commands.

Here are some example Unix command lines for MySQL (the red part is for Moodle 1.6 and later, leave it out for Moodle 1.5.x or earlier):

  # mysql -u root -p
  > CREATE DATABASE moodle DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_unicode_ci; 
  > GRANT SELECT,INSERT,UPDATE,DELETE,CREATE,DROP,INDEX,ALTER ON moodle.*
          TO moodleuser@localhost IDENTIFIED BY 'yourpassword'; 
  > quit 
  # mysqladmin -p reload

If you are using MySQL 4.0.2 or later, you need to specify CREATE TEMPORARY TABLES as well in the GRANT statement:

  > GRANT SELECT,INSERT,UPDATE,DELETE,CREATE,CREATE TEMPORARY TABLES,
          DROP,INDEX,ALTER ON moodle.* 
          TO moodleuser@localhost IDENTIFIED BY 'yourpassword';

And some example command lines for PostgreSQL:

  # su - postgres
  > psql -c "create user moodleuser createdb;" template1
  > psql -c "create database moodle with encoding 'unicode';" -U moodleuser template1
  > psql -c "alter user moodleuser nocreatedb;" template1
  > psql -c "alter user moodleuser with encrypted password 'yourpassword';" template1
  > su - root
  # /etc/init.d/postgresql reload

If the Postgres create database command above (>psql -c "create database moodle...") gives an error message you may want to try:

psql -c "create database moodle with template=template1 encoding = 'unicode' owner =  moodleuser 
     location = '/var/mydata';"

Creating a data directory

Moodle will also need some space on your server's hard disk to store uploaded files, such as course documents and user pictures.

The Moodle installer tries hard to create this directory for you but if it fails then you will have to create a directory for this purpose manually.

For security, it's best that this directory is NOT accessible directly via the web. The easiest way to do this is to simply locate it OUTSIDE the web directory, but if you must have it in the web directory then protect it by creating a file in the data directory called .htaccess, containing this line:

deny from all

To make sure that Moodle can save uploaded files in this directory, check that the web server software (eg Apache) has permission to read, write and execute in this directory. On Unix machines, this means setting the owner of the directory to be something like "nobody" or "apache", and then giving that user read, write and execute permissions. To do this you could use:

chown -R nobody:nobody moodledata

Remember by default, mysql won't accept moodle data directories created under ROOT, but otherwise can be located where you wish. You can later move or change the location of this directory, but if you do, be sure to edit the setting in the config.php file that sets this; e.g. if moodledata is under a directory called data, then it would look like this:

$CFG->dataroot  = '/data/moodledata';

On Cpanel systems you can use the "File Manager" to find the folder, click on it, then choose "Change Permissions". On many shared hosting servers, you will probably need to restrict all file access to your "group" (to prevent other webhost customers from looking at or changing your files), but provide full read/write access to everyone else (which will allow the web server to access your files).

Speak to your server administrator if you are having trouble setting this up securely. In particular it will not be possible to create a usable data directory on sites that use a PHP feature known as "Safe Mode."

Go to the admin page to continue configuration

Once the basic config.php has been correctly created in the previous step, trying to access the front page of your site will take you the "admin" page for the rest of the configuration.

The first time you access this admin page, you will be presented with a GPL "shrinkwrap" agreement with which you must agree before you can continue with the setup.

Now Moodle will start setting up your database and creating tables to store data. Firstly, the main database tables are created. You should see a number of SQL statements followed by status messages (in green or red) that look like this:

CREATE TABLE course ( id int(10) unsigned NOT NULL auto_increment, category int(10) unsigned NOT NULL default '0', password varchar(50) NOT NULL default '', fullname varchar(254) NOT NULL default '', shortname varchar(15) NOT NULL default '', summary text NOT NULL, format tinyint(4) NOT NULL default '1', teacher varchar(100) NOT NULL default 'Teacher', startdate int(10) unsigned NOT NULL default '0', enddate int(10) unsigned NOT NULL default '0', timemodified int(10) unsigned NOT NULL default '0', PRIMARY KEY (id)) TYPE=MyISAM

SUCCESS

...and so on, followed by: Main databases set up successfully.

If you don't see these, then there must have been some problem with the database or the configuration settings you defined in config.php. Check that PHP isn't in a restricted "Safe Mode" (commercial web hosts sometimes have safe mode turned on). You can check PHP variables by creating a little file containing <?php phpinfo() ?> and looking at it through a browser. Check all these and try this page again.

Scroll down the very bottom of the page and press the "Continue" link.

You should now see a form where you can define more configuration variables for your installation, such as the default language, SMTP hosts and so on. Don't worry too much about getting everything right just now - you can always come back and edit these later on using the admin interface. The defaults are designed to be useful and secure for most sites. Scroll down to the bottom and click "Save changes".

If (and only if) you find yourself getting stuck on this page, unable to continue, then your server probably has what I call the "buggy referrer" problem. This is easy to fix: just turn off the "secureforms" setting, then try to continue again.

Next you will see more pages that print lots of status messages as they set up all the tables required by the various Moodle module. As before, they should all be green.

Scroll down the very bottom of the page and press the "Continue" link.

The next page is a form where you can define parameters for your Moodle site and the front page, such as the name, format, description and so on. Fill this out (you can always come back and change these later) and then press "Save changes".

Finally, you will then be asked to create a top-level administration user for future access to the admin pages. Fill out the details with your own name, email etc and then click "Save changes". Not all the fields are required, but if you miss any important fields you'll be re-prompted for them.

Make sure you remember the username and password you chose for the administration user account, as they will be necessary to access the administration page in future.

(If for any reason your install is interrupted, or there is a system error of some kind that prevents you from logging in using the admin account, you can usually log in using the default username of "admin", with password "admin".)

Once successful, you will be returned to the home page of your new site! Note the administration links that appear down the left hand side of the page (these items also appear on a separate Admin page) - these items are only visible to you because you are logged in as the admin user. All your further administration of Moodle can now be done using this menu, such as:

creating and deleting courses
creating and editing user accounts
administering teacher accounts
changing site-wide settings like themes etc

But you are not done installing yet! There is one very important thing still to do (see the next section on cron).

Set up cron

Please refer to the cron instructions.

Create a new course

Now that Moodle is running properly, you can try creating a new course to play with.

Select "Create a new course" from the Admin page (or the admin links on the home page).

Fill out the form, paying special attention to the course format. You don't have to worry about the details too much at this stage, as everything can be changed later by the teacher. Note that the yellow help icons are everywhere to provide contextual help on any aspect.

Press "Save changes", and you will be taken to a new form where you can assign teachers to the course. You can only add existing user accounts from this form - if you want to create a new teacher account then either ask the teacher to create one for themselves (see the login page), or create one for them using the "Add a new user" on the Admin page.

Once done, the course is ready to customise, and is accessible via the "Courses" link on the home page.

Documentation