在線學習史
讓我們為基於網絡的學習的重大事件建立一份完整的歷史記錄。每項活動應該包括日期標題。
Let's build up a complete history of key milestones in internet-based learning. Each event should be a heading that includes the date.
1960 - PLATO
PLATO (Programmed Logic for Automatic Teaching Operations) system developed at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. The system remains in operation until the mid-1990s. Wikipedia background on PLATO.
PLATO (自動教學用程控邏輯操作)系統開發於伊利諾伊大學厄巴納-香檳分校。該系統仍然運作,直至90年代中期. Wikipedia background on PLATO
1962 - R. Buckminster Fuller 出版《教育自動化》
Relevant quote: "Get the most comprehensive generalized computer setup with network connections to process the documentaries that your faculty and graduate-student teams will manufacture objectively from the subjective gleanings of your vast new world- and universe-ranging student probers." (p.85)
相關引述:"以最完整的廣義的帶有網絡連接的計算機設備處理你老師和研究生學生團隊的文獻,從廣闊新世界和宇宙主觀收集的信息中製造出客觀真實並整理學生探索者。 " (p. 85)
1969 - 建立互聯網
美國國防部授權組建 ARPANET. Hobbes Timeline
1971 - Ivan Illich 的學習網頁
Ivan Illich describes a computer-based education network in his book
Ivan Illich 在他的書中描述了一個以計算機為基礎的教育網絡。 Deschooling Society
1979 - USENET 開始啟動
USENET established using UUCP between Duke and UNC by Tom Truscott, Jim Ellis, and Steve Bellovin. All original groups were under net.* hierarchy.
Tom Truscott, Jim Ellis 與 Steve Bellovin 在杜克大學和北卡羅來納大學之間通過UUCP協議建立 USENET。 所有最初的組都處在 net.* 目錄下。 Hobbes Timeline
1982 - 計算機輔助學習中心 (CALC)
The Computer Assisted Learning Center (CALC) was founded in 1982 in Rindge, New Hampshire, as a small, offline computer-based, adult learning center. The center was based on the same premise as today: to provide affordable, quality instruction to individual learners through the use of computers.
計算機輔助學習中心 (CALC) 建立於1982年新罕布殊爾州林吉城,是一個很小的基於離線計算機的成人學習中心。該中心是基於和現今相同的前提下建立的:藉助於計算機為個體學習者提供廉價的有質量的教學。 Origins of CALCampus
1984 - CSILE
CSILE, an educational knowledge media system, developed by Scardamalia & Bereiter at Ontario Institute for Studies in Education. ... CSILE based on Zimmerman's (1989) self-regulated learning (CSILE term is intentional learning) and constructivists' view of learning. It emphasizes on building a classroom culture supportive of active knowledge construction that can extend individual intentional learning to the group level. The purpose is to make students think and reflect their thought process which provoke question asking and answering in a public forum. The ultimate goal is to get students involved in knowledge itself rather than improve one's mind, a World 3 view , which shifts from individual mastery learning to improve the quality of public collective knowledge (Scardamalia, et al., 1994). - from [1]
1987 - M/EU (Mind Extension University)
In 1987, Jones launched M/EU, a cable channel carrying varied educational programming... The advent of the Internet helped facilitate communication in these telecourses.[2]
1988 - Aviation Industry CBT (Computer-Based Training) Committee (AICC)
The AICC was formed out of a need for hardware standardization of CBT delivery platforms. Important milestones include: 1989 - Common platform guidelines for CBT delivery (AGR-002), 1992 - A DOS-based digital audio guideline (AGR-003) before the advent of window multimedia standards. The guideline enabled end-users to use one audio card for multiple vendors' CBT courseware. Due to the huge amount of CBT legacy courseware, this guideline is still in use., 1993 - A guideline for CMI (LMS) interoperability was created. This guideline (AGR-006) resulted in the CMI systems that are able to share data with LAN-based CBT courseware from multiple vendors. 1996 - A navigation icon guideline (AGR-009) to help standardize the student user controls in CBT. 1998 - The CMI (LMS) specifications were updated to include web-based CBT (or WBT). This new web-based guideline is called AGR-010. 1999 - The CMI (LMS) specifications were updated to include a JavaScript API interface. (This the basis of the SCORM runtime environment). 2005 - The Package Exchange Notification Services (PENS) guideline (AGR-011) allows Authoring/Content Management system to seemless integrate publishing with LMS systems. [3]
1992 - CAPA (Computer Assisted Personalized Approach)
The system was developed at Michigan State University and was first used in a small (92 student) physics class in the Fall of 1992.[4]
1994 - Lotus Development Corporation acquires the Human Interest Group
The system evolves into the Lotus Learning Management System and Lotus Virtual Classroom, now owned by IBM.
1994 - Open University Virtual Summer School
In August and September 1994, a Virtual Summer School (VSS) for Open University undergraduate course D309 Cognitive Psychology enabled students to attend an experimental version of summer school 'electronically', i.e. from their own homes using a computer and a modem. VSS students were able to participate in group discussions, run experiments, obtain one-to-one tuition, listen to lectures, ask questions, participate as subjects in experiments, conduct literature searches, browse original journal publications, work in project teams, undertake statistical analyses, prepare and submit nicely formatted individual or joint written work, prepare plenary session presentations, and even socialize and chit-chat, all without ever leaving their homes.
1994/95 - CALCampus.com
CALCampus was the first to develop and implement the concept of a totally online-based school through which administration, real-time classroom instruction, and materials were provided, originating with the QuantumLink campus. This was a significant departure from earlier methods of distance education because no longer was the individual distance learner isolated from the teacher and from classmates. Origins of CALCampus
1995 - Mallard web-based course management system developed at the University of Illinois
Mallard overview. See also CyberProf[6] (also copyrighted in 1995 from University of Illinois)
1995 - BSCW 1.0
1995 - Nicenet ICA launched to the public
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicenet
1995/6 - WOLF / Learnwise
WOLF (Wolverhampton Online Learning Framework)[7] developed at Wolverhampton University's DELTA institute under the guidance of Stephen Molyneux. [8] This went on to be released commercially by Granada Learning as Learnwise [9]
1996 - TELSI Pro developed
TELSI (Telematic Environment for Language Simulations) was a VLE developed at the University of Oulu in Finland. Development was headed by Eric Rouselle and was continued into present day Discendum Optima.
1997 - CourseInfo releases ILN
Mid 1997 CourseInfo founded by Dan Cane and Stephen Gilfus. http://www.news.cornell.edu/chronicle/97/10.16.97/Web_company.html
The "Interactive Learning Network" ILN 1.5, was released and installed at several academic institutions including Cornell University, Yale Medical School and University of Pittsburgh. The ILN was the first e-learning system of it's kind to leverage and install on top of a relational database MySqL. http://www.cquest.utoronto.ca/env/aera/aera-lists/aera-c/97-11/0123.html
1997 - Manhattan Virtual Classroom in use
Manhattan was in use at this time at Western New England College, and included handouts, assignments, forums etc
1997 (about) - Pioneer developed by MEDC (University of Paisley)
Pioneer was an online learning environment developed initially for colleges in Scotland. Pioneer was web-based and featured:
online course materials (published by the lecturers themselves) integral email to allow communications between students and tutors forum tools chat tools timeatable
The main driver for Pioneer was Jackie Galbraith.
When MEDC was closed, the Pioneer development team moved to SCET in 1998 taking Pioneer with them when it became SCETPioneer.
SCETPioneer was used by Glasgow Colleges and a number of other colleges in Scotland.
SCET merged with the SCCC and became Learning and Teaching Scotland
1997 - Deployment of Nathan Bodington VLE
Development of Nathan Bodington VLE at Leeds University begins from the Bionet TLTP project
Dates of Bodington development appear here
1997 - WebCT 1.0 was released
1997 - Blackboard was founded
1998 - Martin Dougiamas begins preliminary work on Moodle
This paper contains some early thoughts
1998 - Blackboard released its first software product
An online learning application, Blackboard's CourseInfo, developed at Cornell University by the CourseInfo team.[11]
1998 - Nicenet ICA2 is launched
Nicenet provides Internet Classroom Assistant (ICA2) with web-based conferencing, personal messaging, document sharing, scheduling and link/resource sharing to a variety of learning environments. http://www.nicenet.org/ica/ica_info.cfm
1998 - CNAMS 1.0 is released
The Cisco Networking Academy Management System (CNAMS) is released to faciliate communication and course management of the largest blended learning initiative of its time, the Cisco Networking Academy. It includes tools to maintain rosters, gradebooks, forums, as well as a scalable, robust assessment engine.
1999
- Martin trials early prototypes of Moodle. Martin's paper, Improving the effectiveness of tools for Internet based education, details one case study and includes screenshots
- Desire2Learn founded in Canada
2000 - Claroline project was initiated
The Claroline project was initiated in 2000 at the Catholic University of Louvain (Belgium) by Thomas De Praetere and was financially supported by the Louvain Foundation.
2000 - Manhattan 1.0 is released
In October of 2000, Manhattan Virtual Campus was released in its entirety on the Internet for free under the GNU General Public License. http://manhattan.sourceforge.net
2001, November - Moodle.com runs Moodle
2002 Multiple Events
- August - Moodle 1.0 is released
- Summer - Seque Project releases first version of its elearning software
- September - Site@School released
2004, January - Sakai Project is formed from several college and university projects
2006, June - Moodle 1.6 is released
2006, July 26 - Blackboard announces Patent 6,988,138
This patent, filed on June 30, 2000 (with pending and related applications dating as early as June 1999) and issued on January 17, 2006, contains very extensive claims pertaining to every aspect of online course delivery. The breadth of this patent would seemingly give Blackboard the ability to enforce this intellectual property against other producers of online course delivery systems.
See Also
http://www.google.com/Top/Computers/Software/Online_Training/Delivery_and_Management_Systems/
http://www.google.com/Top/Reference/Education/Instructional_Technology/Course_Website_Software/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_virtual_learning_environments
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer-assisted_language_learning CALI History in this
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Online_learning#See_also
Foundations of Distance Education
1997 Conference: Trends & Issues in Online Instruction
http://www.usdla.org/html/journal/SEP01_Issue/article01.html mentions: Unix courses @ Nova University early 70s and National Technological University (NTU) zh:在線學習史