開発:セキュリティ:SQLインジェクション

作成中です - Mitsuhiro Yoshida 2010年1月25日 (月) 16:11 (UTC)

このページは、Moodleセキュリティガイドラインの一部です。

What is the danger?

Suppose your code in .../course/view.php?id=123 does something like SELECT FROM mdl_course WHERE id = $id; where the $id = 123 has come from the URL. Suppose that your code does not bother to clean that parameter properly.

Along comes Evil Hacker, and edits the URL to be

.../course/view.php?id=123;DELETE+FROM+mdl_user

I will let you work out why that is a very, very bad thing.

Of course, depending on exactly what the database query is, the malicious input needs to be constructed appropriately, but that is just a matter of trial and error for Evil Hacker.

How Moodle avoids this problem

Once again, it is a case of being very suspicious of any input that came from outside Moodle. In the example above, $id should clearly have been cleaned by passing PARAM_INT to required_param.

It is more tricky with a query like UPDATE mdl_user SET lastname = '$lastname' WHERE id = $id; What happens when $lastname is "O'Brian"? Well, you have to escape the ' like this: "O\'Brian".

In Moodle 1.9, addslashes is applied automatically to all input you get via required_param or optional_param.

In Moodle 2.0 we completely avoid the dangerous process of building SQL by concatenating strings. In Moodle 2.0 the SQL would look like UPDATE mdl_user SET lastname = ? WHERE id = ?; and then we would pass an array of values array($lastname, $id) to the database along with the SQL.

What you need to do in your code

In Moodle 2.0

• Use higher level dmllib methods, like get_record, whenever possible, so you do not have to create SQL yourself.
• When you have to insert values into SQL statements, use place-holders to insert the values safely.

In Moodle 1.9

• Use higher level dmllib methods, like get_record, whenever possible, so you do not have to create SQL yourself.
• Data from required_param and optional_param have already had addslashes applied, ready to be used in database queries, but make sure you put single quotes round each value.
• If you have loaded some data from the database, and then want to re-insert it, then apply addslashes or addslashes_object to it first.

• Test your code by using a tool like sqlmap, or by manually trying tricky inputs like

< > & &lt; &gt; &amp; ' \' 碁 \ \\

What you need to do as an administrator

• This is not something that administrators can do anything about (other than keeping your Moodle up-to-date).

関連情報

• http://sqlmap.sourceforge.net/ - a tool for automatically finding SQL injection vulnerabilities.
• 開発:セキュリティ
• 開発:コーディング