Excel spreadsheet export tool for individual component grades for assignments using Marking Guide, Rubric or BTEC Grading
[[File:componentgrade report menu.png|alt=Menu showing report|thumb|Navigate to an assignment which uses a Rubric, Marking Guide or BTEC grading. A new menu item will appear in the Assignment Administration menu|800x800px|none]]
== Marking Guide ==
[[File:Marking Guide Export.png|alt=Marcus Guid|none|thumb|700x700px|Marking Guide]]
== Rubric Grading ==
[[File:rubric spreadsheet.png|alt=Rubric Graded Assignment|thumb|700x700px|Rubric Graded Assignment|none]]
=== BTEC Grading ===
[[File:BTEC grade.png|alt=BTEC Grading|none|thumb|899x899px|BTEC Grading with component grades plugin]]
== Blind Marking ==
The blind marking setting in an assignment will be respected. The firstname and lastname fields will be left blank and the username field will contain the anonymised value as shown in the gradebook.[[File:componentreport blindmarking.png|alt=Blind Marking|border|thumb|700x700px|Anonymise usernames when blind marking is set in the assignment.|none]]

=== Additional Attempts ===
This report is not compatible with additional attempts as describe here

[[Assignment settings#Submission settings]]

And as raised in this issue

https://github.com/pauln/moodle-report_componentgrades/issues/7

report/componentgrades

2021-08-22T07:19:06Z

Marcusgreen: Added BTEC. screenshot

File:BTEC grade.png

2021-08-22T07:17:23Z

Marcusgreen:

BTEC grading output

2021-08-19T20:09:40Z

Marcusgreen: /* Blind Marking */

report/componentgrades

2021-08-19T20:09:04Z

Marcusgreen: Menu to select report

File:componentgrade report menu.png

2021-08-19T20:02:02Z

Marcusgreen:

navigate to an assignment which uses a Rubric, Marking Guide or BTEC grading, A new menu item will appear in the Assignment Administration menu:

report/componentgrades

2021-08-19T19:18:48Z

Marcusgreen: Blind Marking screen shot

Excel spreadsheet export tool for individual component grades for assignments using Marking Guide, Rubric or BTEC Grading

==== Blind Marking ====
[[File:componentreport blindmarking.png|alt=Blind Marking|border|left|thumb|400x400px|Anonymise usernames when blind marking is set in the assignment.]]

File:componentreport blindmarking.png

2021-08-19T19:15:33Z

Marcusgreen: Respect the blind marking setting in assignments and show the anonymised version of the submitters name

== Summary ==
Respect the blind marking setting in assignments and show the anonymised version of the submitters name

report/componentgrades

2021-08-18T09:26:29Z

Marcusgreen: Basic introduction placeholder

Excel spreadsheet export tool for individual component grades for assignments using Marking Guide, Rubric or BTEC Grading

Gapfill question type

2021-04-05T09:19:26Z

Marcusgreen: /* Use in modules other than quiz */

{{Infobox plugin
|type = question type
|entry = https://moodle.org/plugins/view.php?plugin=qtype_gapfill
|tracker = https://github.com/marcusgreen/moodle-qtype_gapfill/issues
|discussion = https://moodle.org/plugins/view.php?plugin=qtype_gapfill
|maintainer = [[user:Marcus Green|Marcus Green]]
|float = right
}}
{{Questions}}

==Installing this question type==

Follow the generic [[Installing plugins]] documentation.

== The Gapfill Question Type ==
All you need to learn to get started with this question type is the contents of one 7 word sentence as follows

''Put square braces around the missing words''

For the programmers and mathematicians, don't worry that it says square braces, you can use other delimiters on a per question basis. The classic example of a question is a question where the text reads.

''The [cat] sat on the [mat]''

Which will create a question with two gaps where the answers are cat and mat. Although it was designed with the idea of single missing words it will accept a sequence of words with spaces between them in the gaps. This type of question can be particularly useful for teaching languages.

== Example questions available ==
Over 500 example questions are available for re-use and modification under a creative commons license. The examples are installed with the question type but the latest versions of these can be found at
https://github.com/marcusgreen/moodle-qtype_gapfill/tree/master/examples/en. There are two files, gapfill_examples.xml has about 20 questions containing examples of how to use the features of the question type.

The other file, english_language.xml is aimed at people teaching english and is broken into approximately 31 categories such as irregular verbs, tenses etc, each question includes tags. This is a companion file to the additional 100 English questions that ships with the Wordselect question type
https://github.com/marcusgreen/moodle-qtype_wordselect/tree/master/examples/en
These files are in xml format, instructions on how to import them can be found here
[[Import_questions#Importing_questions_from_an_existing_file]].

[[Image:gapfill_edit11.png|Gapfill Edit]]

By default the student will see the questions in dragdrop mode where they can use the mouse to drag the answers from a displayed list into the matching field. When a student is answering one of these questions javascript only updates the text contents of the field, so even in this mode it is possible to type the answers into the field. As of version 1.4 it was updated to work with touch devices such as tablets and mobile phones and this post in the forum shows how it works with a wide range of devices.

https://moodle.org/mod/forum/discuss.php?d=251406#p1092014

==At Runtine==

[[Image:gfruntime.jpg|Gapfill runtime]]

Changing the display answer options allows the question to be presented with either no prompts or dropdown lists. Here is where you can make that change
[[Image:displayoptions.png|Display answer config]]

This is how the same question will appear with dropdown lists.

[[Image:dropdowns.png|Gapfill with dropdowns]]

There is a drop down list of alternative delimiting characters ## {} and @@ which will allow a question in the form The {cat} sat on the {mat}.
It is possible to select dropdown or gapfill mode. Dropdown shows a list of all possible answers in each field and gapfill shows only an empty field with no list of options to select.

By default marking is not case sensitive. So if the student enters CAT in a field of the form [cat] it will be considered correct. The editing form has an option to make the marking process case sensitive.

Each (correct) field is worth exactly 1 mark, so The [cat] sat on the [mat] has a maximum possible score of 2 marks. There is no concept of negative marking. The question supports the standard [[Question behaviours|behaviours]], hinting and combined feedback options. If an incorrect answer is entered and if display right answer has been selected in the quiz review options the correct answer will be shown next to the gap within braces as in the following screen shot.

[[Image:gapfill_correct_answer2.png|Gapfill complete]]

The editing form offers a field for adding wrong or distractor options. These only make sense in dragdrop or dropdown mode. Wrong answers must be entered as a comma delimited list and a shuffled list of correct and incorrect answers will be displayed with the question. If you need commas to appear in your distractors they can be escaped with a backslash \,
==Display Answers checkboxes==
Because only certain combinations of the checkboxes are logical, the checkboxes will become enabled/disabled according to the dropdown selected. So for example it makes no sense to have single use draggable selected with dropdown questions. This animation shows the checkboxes being enabled/disabled.
[[Image:gapfill_checkboxes2.gif|Checkboxes changing with dropdown selection]]

==Options After Text==
This setting only makes a difference in dragdrop mode. It positions the draggable answer options after the body of the text instead of above it. This can be useful where the gaps are at the end of an explanatory block of text. It means the answers do not have to be dragged as far and is useful on smaller screens such as mobile devices as it reduces the need for screen scroll.

[[Image:optionsaftertext2.png|Checkbox to display options after text]]

==Single use draggables==
This only applies to drag drop mode. When a draggable option is dropped into a gap it is removed from the list. This can be useful to simplify the selection of answer options.

[[Image:single_use_draggables.png|Single use draggables]]

==Letter Hints==
This setting only applies when the Interactive with multiple tries behaviour is used. Click the 'show more' options under the More options heading to see this setting.
[[Image:letterhints2.png|Checkbox to set letter hints]]

When a student gives an incorrect response they will be given incrementing letters from the correct answer when they press try again. So if the correct response is cat and the student responds with dog, on the next attempt that gap will contain c, and if they the respond with mouse, on the next response the gap will contain ca etc etc.

==In the Mobile App==
If you access a quiz with the mobile app that contains Gapfill questions it will be automatically loaded as a remote addon. The selection of "draggables" follows the pattern set by the core [[Drag and drop into text question type]]. Instead of dragging answers into gaps, the answer will be clicked to select and then a gap will be clicked to drop into. Clicking away from an answer and into a gap will allow a gap to be cleared. In the screen shot the word New has been selected ready to drop into the second gap.

[[Image:mobile_gapfill4.png|Gapfill in Moodle mobile]]

== Regular Expressions==
It is possible to use regular expressions in answers, for example if you wanted both the US and UK spelling of colour as an answer you could add a field with the broken bar operator to act as an OR as in "What [color|colour] is the sky?". You can search for any string that starts with c and ends with r as "What [c.*r] is the sky". More complex regular expressions should also work.

You could use regular expressions to mitigate common spelling errors, e.g. {cal[e|a]ndar} (note the selection of alternative delimiters to get around the use of the square brackets in the operator. This question type makes no attempt to check the validity of your regular expressions. You can read more about using regular expressions in the documentation for the PReg type see
[[Preg_question_type]] and also
[[Regular_Expression_Short-Answer_question_type]]

==Show Correct Responses ==
In interactive mode (set in the [[Question behaviours|question behaviour]] of the quiz) it is possible to have a question indicate the number of questions that are correct and for this to be displayed for each field. This takes the form of red/green background colour and a tick or cross. To make this happen check the "show number of correct responses option" in the hint field under the multiple tries option. Note, that if you have given an incorrect answer it will not show what the correct answer is. You can of course put in the text of the whole including all correct answer into the "For any partially correct response" text area in the combined feedback section.

[[Image:hints.jpg|hints r]]

==No Duplicates Mode ==
This allows a question in the form Name three examples of X. So you could ask "Name the colours of medals awarded in the Olympic Games". The syntax of the question fields would be [gold|silver|bronze] three times. Note the separator is the broken bar character which acts as an OR operator. Make sure you select gapfill mode for this type of question, otherwise you will have confusing draggable prompts appearing.

By checking the No duplicates box in the question editing form, when it comes to marking any duplicates will be discarded. Correct answers will still be displayed with a green check/tick (as they are actually correct), but marks will only be awarded for the first occurrence of the selection. As of version 1.1, when this happens the background of the duplicated values will be displayed in yellow and a message added to the feedback will say "Credit is partial because you have duplicate answers".

[[Image:duplicate_gapfill.png|Duplicate answers]]

==Tables with category columns==
By combining No duplicates mode with the | (or) operator it is possible to create tables with category columns. So in the following screen shot there are two distinct gaps containing [lion|tiger] [dog|wolf] but these are duplicated to allow for all four answers. These are then placed in a table to allow the student to drag into the appropriate category columns.
[[Image:gapfill_categories.gif|Gapfill Categories]]
<br/>This screen shot shows how the question text appears in the editor. Note that the shading for the heading row is done by including <th> tags for the first row instead of <td> tags and by setting the class table tag as <table class=gapfilltable>, The gapfilltable class is supplied in the css for the question type.
If you are using the HTML editor, switch to HTML mode and paste in the following code as an example.

<pre>
<table class="gapfilltable" border="2" rules="rows">
<tbody>
<tr><th>Feline</th><th>Canine</th></tr>
<tr><td>[tiger|lion]</td><td>[dog|wolf]</td></tr>
<tr><td>[tiger|lion]</td><td>[dog|wolf]</td></tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</pre>
==Tables with images==
Tables with images can be used to create a question where the student must drag the word into the gap next to the appropriate picture
[[Image:fruit2.png|Tables with images]]
<pre>
<table class="gapfilltable" border="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><img src="http://apple.png" alt="" width="50" height="51" /></td>
<td>[apple]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><img src="http://pear.png" alt="" width="58" height="55" /></td>
<td>[pear]</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</pre>

==Gapfill crossword==
It is a bit of a fiddle but it is not wildly difficult. You might also be able to do this with [[Embedded Answers (Cloze) question type|the core Cloze question type]], but the source text would probably be a bit ugly.

[[File:Gapfill crossword.png|400px]]

In order to make the above crossword you would need to:
* Write in paper (preferably using a lined or graph paper) the completed crossword.
* Make a new Gapfill question instance
* Type the relevant instructions (if necessary)
* Type the Across and Down definitions of the words that the user must guess.
* Build a table with the proper number of rows and columns.
* Leave the empty table cells empty.
* Populate the interesting parts of the table with either
** a fixed character (if you will be helping the reader, as most crosswords do)
** or each character to be guessed enclosed within square brackets.
* Save your question and preview
* Fix mistakes (if present)
* Try as a student

Here is the HTML code that was used to create that example. Note that the gapfillcol class ships with the question type and sets the light grey background among other things. It is probably easiest to create the table/grid using the Moodle built in Atto editor and then tweak the HTML code afterwards.

<pre>
<table class="text-center gapfillcol" border="1">
<tbody>
<tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>1</td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>2</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>[T]</td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>[M]</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>[U]</td></tr>
<tr><td> </td><td>3</td><td>[L]</td><td>[O]</td><td>[N]</td><td>[D]</td><td>[O]</td><td>[N]</td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>[O]</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>[E]</td></tr><tr><td> 4 </td><td>[W]</td><td>[I]</td><td>[N]</td><td>[E]</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</pre>

==Disable Regex ==
The Gapfill question uses regular expressions by default to compare the answer given by a user with the correct answer stored in the database. There are times where it is more convenient to turn this off and use plain string comparisons. This is true where the answer text contains characters that have a special meaning in regular expressions such as < > * . / \. This can be done by checking the Disable Regex option in the More options section as in the screen shot.

[[Image:disableregex3.png |Disable Regex]]

==Fixed Gapsize==
When this is checked all gaps will be set to the size of the largest gap. If the gap includes the or operator | the size will be set to the widest of the words used.
[[Image:fixedgapsize.png |Fixed Gap size checkbox]]

==Letter Hints==
This setting only has an effect when the [[Question behaviours|interactive with multiple tries question behaviour]] is selected and when hints have been added to the question. If a student submits an incorrect answer the first letter of the correct answer will be added. If they submit another incorrect answer first two letters of the correct answer will be added and this continues for the number of hints that are added for the question.
[[Image:gapfill_letter_hints.png|Letter Hints]]

==Double Not ==
The use of !! indicates that a gap can be left empty and considered a correct response.

This is of particular use with the | or operator where one or more answers or a blank will be considered correct e.g. [cat|dog|!!].

This is illustrated in a new sample question in the sample_questions.xml files shipped with this question type called "Correct_empty_gaps with !!" As part of this change the calculation of maximum score per question instance has been modified, so a question with "The [cat] sat on the [!!]" will be worth two marks in total one for entering cat and one for leaving the second gap blank. This is necessary to ensure that if a value is put in the [!!] space a mark will be lost.

==Extended Characters==

Gapfill will only work with characters that will display in a standard HTML form. This means it will not render any [[HTML]] or [[LaTeX]]. It should be possible to display [[Unicode|unicode]] characters such as these examples of "powers".

What is ten to the power 3?[10³]

What is ten to the power 4?[10⁴]

What is ten to the power 5?[10⁵]

What is ten to the power 6?[10⁶]

What is ten to the power 7?[10⁷]

What is ten to the power 8?[10⁸ ]

What is ten to the power 9?[10⁹]

[[Image:tenpower.png|extended characters]]

Note: You ''can use some HTML codes'' inside gapfill questions, but you must first click on the <> button to show HTML code. Please note that you could actually type most of these codes directly. The following HTML codes are available:

* <code>&nbsp</code> - non-breaking space i.e. a space but there will never be a line-break inserted instead of this space at the end of a line
* <code>&amp</code> - ampersand sign (&)
* <code>&apos</code> - apostrophe sign (')
* <code>&copy</code> - copyright sign (©)
* <code>&plusmn</code> - "plus or minus" sign (±)
* <code>&times</code> - multiply sign (*)
* <code>&divide</code> - divide sign (/)
* <code>&gt</code> - "greater than" sign ( > )
* <code>&lt</code> - "less than" sign (<)
* <code>&laquo</code> - quotation mark (‘)
* <code>&lsquo</code> - left single quotation sign (‘)
* <code>&rsquo</code> - right single quotation sign (’)

[[File:Gapfill with extended HTML characters.png|Gapfill using some HTML codes]]

==Set defaults for new questions==

Some default values can be configured for new instances of the question. With an admin login account go '' Site administration > Plugins > Question types '' and select '' Gapfill > Settings ''.

This was very easy with the Clean theme:

[[Image:gapfill_admin.png|Gapfill Admin with Clean theme]]

It may be a little cumbersome with the Boost theme:

[[Image:Boost gapfill admin.png|Gapfill Admin with Boost theme]]

Select settings and you will see the following form

[[Image:gapfill_settings.png|Gapfill Settings]]

==Prevent typing into gaps==
By default students can type into the gaps when dragdrop mode is enabled. This can be prevented by adding some css by a user with admin acces via the
additional HTML form. This can be found at http://yourmoodle.com/admin/settings.php?section=additionalhtml
<code>
<style>
.que.gapfill input.droptarget {
text-align: center;
cursor: pointer;
pointer-events: none;
}
</style>
</code>

It is the pointer-events:none that does the work. This is only a style change and a determined/knowledgeable student could always work around it.

==Use in modules other than quiz==
This question type has been used in other modules that use the quiz engine including the excellent [[StudentQuiz_module]]

==Related Question Types ==

There is a 'companion' question type called [[Wordselect question type|Wordselect]] that may be of interest to users of this question type. Word select questions are created in a similar way, i.e. putting sqare braces around certain words. The difference is that all words are shown and the student has to click on the words they consider to be correct.

This Gapfill question was designed to be simpler to use than the [[Embedded Answers (Cloze) question type|the core Cloze question type]]. However, the Gapfill type has fewer features than [[Embedded Answers (Cloze) question type|the Cloze type]]. There are [[Cloze editor module|cloze editors available for both TinyMCE and Atto]] that greatly ease the making of Cloze question types, without having to learn the complex cloze syntax.

There are two other core question types that cover a slightly similar area to Gapfill
* the [[Drag and drop into text question type]]
* and the [[Select missing words question type|Select missing words (gapselect) question type]].

[[Category:Language teaching]]

[[es:Tipo de pregunta llenarhueco]]

Wordselect question type

2021-02-19T10:17:16Z

2020-12-27T16:51:49Z

Marcusgreen: /* In the Mobile App */

{{Infobox plugin
|type = question type
|entry = https://moodle.org/plugins/view.php?plugin=qtype_gapfill
|tracker = https://github.com/marcusgreen/moodle-qtype_gapfill/issues
|discussion = https://moodle.org/plugins/view.php?plugin=qtype_gapfill
|maintainer = [[user:Marcus Green|Marcus Green]]
|float = right
}}
{{Questions}}

==Installing this question type==

Follow the generic [[Installing plugins]] documentation.

== The Gapfill Question Type ==
All you need to learn to get started with this question type is the contents of one 7 word sentence as follows

''Put square braces around the missing words''

For the programmers and mathematicians, don't worry that it says square braces, you can use other delimiters on a per question basis. The classic example of a question is a question where the text reads.

''The [cat] sat on the [mat]''

Which will create a question with two gaps where the answers are cat and mat. Although it was designed with the idea of single missing words it will accept a sequence of words with spaces between them in the gaps. This type of question can be particularly useful for teaching languages.

== Example questions available ==
Over 500 example questions are available for re-use and modification under a creative commons license. The examples are installed with the question type but the latest versions of these can be found at
https://github.com/marcusgreen/moodle-qtype_gapfill/tree/master/examples/en. There are two files, gapfill_examples.xml has about 20 questions containing examples of how to use the features of the question type.

The other file, english_language.xml is aimed at people teaching english and is broken into approximately 31 categories such as irregular verbs, tenses etc, each question includes tags. This is a companion file to the additional 100 English questions that ships with the Wordselect question type
https://github.com/marcusgreen/moodle-qtype_wordselect/tree/master/examples/en
These files are in xml format, instructions on how to import them can be found here
[[Import_questions#Importing_questions_from_an_existing_file]].

[[Image:gapfill_edit11.png|Gapfill Edit]]

By default the student will see the questions in dragdrop mode where they can use the mouse to drag the answers from a displayed list into the matching field. When a student is answering one of these questions javascript only updates the text contents of the field, so even in this mode it is possible to type the answers into the field. As of version 1.4 it was updated to work with touch devices such as tablets and mobile phones and this post in the forum shows how it works with a wide range of devices.

https://moodle.org/mod/forum/discuss.php?d=251406#p1092014

==At Runtine==

[[Image:gfruntime.jpg|Gapfill runtime]]

Changing the display answer options allows the question to be presented with either no prompts or dropdown lists. Here is where you can make that change
[[Image:displayoptions.png|Display answer config]]

This is how the same question will appear with dropdown lists.

[[Image:dropdowns.png|Gapfill with dropdowns]]

There is a drop down list of alternative delimiting characters ## {} and @@ which will allow a question in the form The {cat} sat on the {mat}.
It is possible to select dropdown or gapfill mode. Dropdown shows a list of all possible answers in each field and gapfill shows only an empty field with no list of options to select.

By default marking is not case sensitive. So if the student enters CAT in a field of the form [cat] it will be considered correct. The editing form has an option to make the marking process case sensitive.

Each (correct) field is worth exactly 1 mark, so The [cat] sat on the [mat] has a maximum possible score of 2 marks. There is no concept of negative marking. The question supports the standard [[Question behaviours|behaviours]], hinting and combined feedback options. If an incorrect answer is entered and if display right answer has been selected in the quiz review options the correct answer will be shown next to the gap within braces as in the following screen shot.

[[Image:gapfill_correct_answer2.png|Gapfill complete]]

The editing form offers a field for adding wrong or distractor options. These only make sense in dragdrop or dropdown mode. Wrong answers must be entered as a comma delimited list and a shuffled list of correct and incorrect answers will be displayed with the question. If you need commas to appear in your distractors they can be escaped with a backslash \,
==Options After Text==
This setting only makes a difference in dragdrop mode. It positions the draggable answer options after the body of the text instead of above it. This can be useful where the gaps are at the end of an explanatory block of text. It means the answers do not have to be dragged as far and is useful on smaller screens such as mobile devices as it reduces the need for screen scroll.

[[Image:optionsaftertext2.png|Checkbox to display options after text]]

==Single use draggables==
This only applies to drag drop mode. When a draggable option is dropped into a gap it is removed from the list. This can be useful to simplify the selection of answer options.

[[Image:single_use_draggables.png|Single use draggables]]

==Letter Hints==
This setting only applies when the Interactive with multiple tries behaviour is used. Click the 'show more' options under the More options heading to see this setting.
[[Image:letterhints2.png|Checkbox to set letter hints]]

When a student gives an incorrect response they will be given incrementing letters from the correct answer when they press try again. So if the correct response is cat and the student responds with dog, on the next attempt that gap will contain c, and if they the respond with mouse, on the next response the gap will contain ca etc etc.

==In the Mobile App==
If you access a quiz with the mobile app that contains Gapfill questions it will be automatically loaded as a remote addon. The selection of "draggables" follows the pattern set by the core [[Drag and drop into text question type]]. Instead of dragging answers into gaps, the answer will be clicked to select and then a gap will be clicked to drop into. Clicking away from an answer and into a gap will allow a gap to be cleared. In the screen shot the word New has been selected ready to drop into the second gap.

[[Image:mobile_gapfill4.png|Gapfill in Moodle mobile]]

== Regular Expressions==
It is possible to use regular expressions in answers, for example if you wanted both the US and UK spelling of colour as an answer you could add a field with the broken bar operator to act as an OR as in "What [color|colour] is the sky?". You can search for any string that starts with c and ends with r as "What [c.*r] is the sky". More complex regular expressions should also work.

You could use regular expressions to mitigate common spelling errors, e.g. {cal[e|a]ndar} (note the selection of alternative delimiters to get around the use of the square brackets in the operator. This question type makes no attempt to check the validity of your regular expressions. You can read more about using regular expressions in the documentation for the PReg type see
[[Preg_question_type]] and also
[[Regular_Expression_Short-Answer_question_type]]

==Show Correct Responses ==
In interactive mode (set in the [[Question behaviours|question behaviour]] of the quiz) it is possible to have a question indicate the number of questions that are correct and for this to be displayed for each field. This takes the form of red/green background colour and a tick or cross. To make this happen check the "show number of correct responses option" in the hint field under the multiple tries option. Note, that if you have given an incorrect answer it will not show what the correct answer is. You can of course put in the text of the whole including all correct answer into the "For any partially correct response" text area in the combined feedback section.

[[Image:hints.jpg|hints r]]

==No Duplicates Mode ==
This allows a question in the form Name three examples of X. So you could ask "Name the colours of medals awarded in the Olympic Games". The syntax of the question fields would be [gold|silver|bronze] three times. Note the separator is the broken bar character which acts as an OR operator. Make sure you select gapfill mode for this type of question, otherwise you will have confusing draggable prompts appearing.

By checking the No duplicates box in the question editing form, when it comes to marking any duplicates will be discarded. Correct answers will still be displayed with a green check/tick (as they are actually correct), but marks will only be awarded for the first occurrence of the selection. As of version 1.1, when this happens the background of the duplicated values will be displayed in yellow and a message added to the feedback will say "Credit is partial because you have duplicate answers".

[[Image:duplicate_gapfill.png|Duplicate answers]]

==Tables with category columns==
By combining No duplicates mode with the | (or) operator it is possible to create tables with category columns. So in the following screen shot there are two distinct gaps containing [lion|tiger] [dog|wolf] but these are duplicated to allow for all four answers. These are then placed in a table to allow the student to drag into the appropriate category columns.
[[Image:gapfill_categories.gif|Gapfill Categories]]
<br/>This screen shot shows how the question text appears in the editor. Note that the shading for the heading row is done by including <th> tags for the first row instead of <td> tags and by setting the class table tag as <table class=gapfilltable>, The gapfilltable class is supplied in the css for the question type.
If you are using the HTML editor, switch to HTML mode and paste in the following code as an example.

<pre>
<table class="gapfilltable" border="2" rules="rows">
<tbody>
<tr><th>Feline</th><th>Canine</th></tr>
<tr><td>[tiger|lion]</td><td>[dog|wolf]</td></tr>
<tr><td>[tiger|lion]</td><td>[dog|wolf]</td></tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</pre>
==Tables with images==
Tables with images can be used to create a question where the student must drag the word into the gap next to the appropriate picture
[[Image:fruit2.png|Tables with images]]
<pre>
<table class="gapfilltable" border="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><img src="http://apple.png" alt="" width="50" height="51" /></td>
<td>[apple]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><img src="http://pear.png" alt="" width="58" height="55" /></td>
<td>[pear]</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</pre>

==Gapfill crossword==
It is a bit of a fiddle but it is not wildly difficult. You might also be able to do this with [[Embedded Answers (Cloze) question type|the core Cloze question type]], but the source text would probably be a bit ugly.

[[File:Gapfill crossword.png|400px]]

In order to make the above crossword you would need to:
* Write in paper (preferably using a lined or graph paper) the completed crossword.
* Make a new Gapfill question instance
* Type the relevant instructions (if necessary)
* Type the Across and Down definitions of the words that the user must guess.
* Build a table with the proper number of rows and columns.
* Leave the empty table cells empty.
* Populate the interesting parts of the table with either
** a fixed character (if you will be helping the reader, as most crosswords do)
** or each character to be guessed enclosed within square brackets.
* Save your question and preview
* Fix mistakes (if present)
* Try as a student

Here is the HTML code that was used to create that example. Note that the gapfillcol class ships with the question type and sets the light grey background among other things. It is probably easiest to create the table/grid using the Moodle built in Atto editor and then tweak the HTML code afterwards.

<pre>
<table class="text-center gapfillcol" border="1">
<tbody>
<tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>1</td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>2</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>[T]</td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>[M]</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>[U]</td></tr>
<tr><td> </td><td>3</td><td>[L]</td><td>[O]</td><td>[N]</td><td>[D]</td><td>[O]</td><td>[N]</td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>[O]</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>[E]</td></tr><tr><td> 4 </td><td>[W]</td><td>[I]</td><td>[N]</td><td>[E]</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</pre>

==Disable Regex ==
The Gapfill question uses regular expressions by default to compare the answer given by a user with the correct answer stored in the database. There are times where it is more convenient to turn this off and use plain string comparisons. This is true where the answer text contains characters that have a special meaning in regular expressions such as < > * . / \. This can be done by checking the Disable Regex option in the More options section as in the screen shot.

[[Image:disableregex3.png |Disable Regex]]

==Fixed Gapsize==
When this is checked all gaps will be set to the size of the largest gap. If the gap includes the or operator | the size will be set to the widest of the words used.
[[Image:fixedgapsize.png |Fixed Gap size checkbox]]

==Letter Hints==
This setting only has an effect when the [[Question behaviours|interactive with multiple tries question behaviour]] is selected and when hints have been added to the question. If a student submits an incorrect answer the first letter of the correct answer will be added. If they submit another incorrect answer first two letters of the correct answer will be added and this continues for the number of hints that are added for the question.
[[Image:gapfill_letter_hints.png|Letter Hints]]

==Double Not ==
The use of !! indicates that a gap can be left empty and considered a correct response.

This is of particular use with the | or operator where one or more answers or a blank will be considered correct e.g. [cat|dog|!!].

This is illustrated in a new sample question in the sample_questions.xml files shipped with this question type called "Correct_empty_gaps with !!" As part of this change the calculation of maximum score per question instance has been modified, so a question with "The [cat] sat on the [!!]" will be worth two marks in total one for entering cat and one for leaving the second gap blank. This is necessary to ensure that if a value is put in the [!!] space a mark will be lost.

==Extended Characters==

Gapfill will only work with characters that will display in a standard HTML form. This means it will not render any [[HTML]] or [[LaTeX]]. It should be possible to display [[Unicode|unicode]] characters such as these examples of "powers".

What is ten to the power 3?[10³]

What is ten to the power 4?[10⁴]

What is ten to the power 5?[10⁵]

What is ten to the power 6?[10⁶]

What is ten to the power 7?[10⁷]

What is ten to the power 8?[10⁸ ]

What is ten to the power 9?[10⁹]

[[Image:tenpower.png|extended characters]]

Note: You ''can use some HTML codes'' inside gapfill questions, but you must first click on the <> button to show HTML code. Please note that you could actually type most of these codes directly. The following HTML codes are available:

* <code>&nbsp</code> - non-breaking space i.e. a space but there will never be a line-break inserted instead of this space at the end of a line
* <code>&amp</code> - ampersand sign (&)
* <code>&apos</code> - apostrophe sign (')
* <code>&copy</code> - copyright sign (©)
* <code>&plusmn</code> - "plus or minus" sign (±)
* <code>&times</code> - multiply sign (*)
* <code>&divide</code> - divide sign (/)
* <code>&gt</code> - "greater than" sign ( > )
* <code>&lt</code> - "less than" sign (<)
* <code>&laquo</code> - quotation mark (‘)
* <code>&lsquo</code> - left single quotation sign (‘)
* <code>&rsquo</code> - right single quotation sign (’)

[[File:Gapfill with extended HTML characters.png|Gapfill using some HTML codes]]

==Set defaults for new questions==

Some default values can be configured for new instances of the question. With an admin login account go '' Site administration > Plugins > Question types '' and select '' Gapfill > Settings ''.

This was very easy with the Clean theme:

[[Image:gapfill_admin.png|Gapfill Admin with Clean theme]]

It may be a little cumbersome with the Boost theme:

[[Image:Boost gapfill admin.png|Gapfill Admin with Boost theme]]

Select settings and you will see the following form

[[Image:gapfill_settings.png|Gapfill Settings]]

==Use in modules other than quiz==
This question type has been used in the [[Question_practice_module]] and the [[Question_Creation_module]]

==Related Question Types ==

There is a 'companion' question type called [[Wordselect question type|Wordselect]] that may be of interest to users of this question type. Word select questions are created in a similar way, i.e. putting sqare braces around certain words. The difference is that all words are shown and the student has to click on the words they consider to be correct.

This Gapfill question was designed to be simpler to use than the [[Embedded Answers (Cloze) question type|the core Cloze question type]]. However, the Gapfill type has fewer features than [[Embedded Answers (Cloze) question type|the Cloze type]]. There are [[Cloze editor module|cloze editors available for both TinyMCE and Atto]] that greatly ease the making of Cloze question types, without having to learn the complex cloze syntax.

There are two other core question types that cover a slightly similar area to Gapfill
* the [[Drag and drop into text question type]]
* and the [[Select missing words question type|Select missing words (gapselect) question type]].

[[Category:Language teaching]]

[[es:Tipo de pregunta llenarhueco]]

Gapfill question type

2020-09-20T12:50:09Z

Marcusgreen: /* Letter Hints */

{{Infobox plugin
|type = question type
|entry = https://moodle.org/plugins/view.php?plugin=qtype_gapfill
|tracker = https://github.com/marcusgreen/moodle-qtype_gapfill/issues
|discussion = https://moodle.org/plugins/view.php?plugin=qtype_gapfill
|maintainer = [[user:Marcus Green|Marcus Green]]
|float = right
}}
{{Questions}}

==Installing this question type==

Follow the generic [[Installing plugins]] documentation.

== The Gapfill Question Type ==
All you need to learn to get started with this question type is the contents of one 7 word sentence as follows

''Put square braces around the missing words''

For the programmers and mathematicians, don't worry that it says square braces, you can use other delimiters on a per question basis. The classic example of a question is a question where the text reads.

''The [cat] sat on the [mat]''

Which will create a question with two gaps where the answers are cat and mat. Although it was designed with the idea of single missing words it will accept a sequence of words with spaces between them in the gaps. This type of question can be particularly useful for teaching languages.

== Example questions available ==
Over 500 example questions are available for re-use and modification under a creative commons license. The examples are installed with the question type but the latest versions of these can be found at
https://github.com/marcusgreen/moodle-qtype_gapfill/tree/master/examples/en. There are two files, gapfill_examples.xml has about 20 questions containing examples of how to use the features of the question type.

The other file, english_language.xml is aimed at people teaching english and is broken into approximately 31 categories such as irregular verbs, tenses etc, each question includes tags. This is a companion file to the additional 100 English questions that ships with the Wordselect question type
https://github.com/marcusgreen/moodle-qtype_wordselect/tree/master/examples/en
These files are in xml format, instructions on how to import them can be found here
[[Import_questions#Importing_questions_from_an_existing_file]].

[[Image:gapfill_edit11.png|Gapfill Edit]]

By default the student will see the questions in dragdrop mode where they can use the mouse to drag the answers from a displayed list into the matching field. When a student is answering one of these questions javascript only updates the text contents of the field, so even in this mode it is possible to type the answers into the field. As of version 1.4 it was updated to work with touch devices such as tablets and mobile phones and this post in the forum shows how it works with a wide range of devices.

https://moodle.org/mod/forum/discuss.php?d=251406#p1092014

==At Runtine==

[[Image:gfruntime.jpg|Gapfill runtime]]

Changing the display answer options allows the question to be presented with either no prompts or dropdown lists. Here is where you can make that change
[[Image:displayoptions.png|Display answer config]]

This is how the same question will appear with dropdown lists.

[[Image:dropdowns.png|Gapfill with dropdowns]]

There is a drop down list of alternative delimiting characters ## {} and @@ which will allow a question in the form The {cat} sat on the {mat}.
It is possible to select dropdown or gapfill mode. Dropdown shows a list of all possible answers in each field and gapfill shows only an empty field with no list of options to select.

By default marking is not case sensitive. So if the student enters CAT in a field of the form [cat] it will be considered correct. The editing form has an option to make the marking process case sensitive.

Each (correct) field is worth exactly 1 mark, so The [cat] sat on the [mat] has a maximum possible score of 2 marks. There is no concept of negative marking. The question supports the standard [[Question behaviours|behaviours]], hinting and combined feedback options. If an incorrect answer is entered and if display right answer has been selected in the quiz review options the correct answer will be shown next to the gap within braces as in the following screen shot.

[[Image:gapfill_correct_answer2.png|Gapfill complete]]

The editing form offers a field for adding wrong or distractor options. These only make sense in dragdrop or dropdown mode. Wrong answers must be entered as a comma delimited list and a shuffled list of correct and incorrect answers will be displayed with the question. If you need commas to appear in your distractors they can be escaped with a backslash \,
==Options After Text==
This setting only makes a difference in dragdrop mode. It positions the draggable answer options after the body of the text instead of above it. This can be useful where the gaps are at the end of an explanatory block of text. It means the answers do not have to be dragged as far and is useful on smaller screens such as mobile devices as it reduces the need for screen scroll.

[[Image:optionsaftertext2.png|Checkbox to display options after text]]

==Single use draggables==
This only applies to drag drop mode. When a draggable option is dropped into a gap it is removed from the list. This can be useful to simplify the selection of answer options.

[[Image:single_use_draggables.png|Single use draggables]]

==Letter Hints==
This setting only applies when the Interactive with multiple tries behaviour is used. Click the 'show more' options under the More options heading to see this setting.
[[Image:letterhints2.png|Checkbox to set letter hints]]

When a student gives an incorrect response they will be given incrementing letters from the correct answer when they press try again. So if the correct response is cat and the student responds with dog, on the next attempt that gap will contain c, and if they the respond with mouse, on the next response the gap will contain ca etc etc.

==In the Mobile App==
Version 1.93 includes code for the Mobile App. If you access a quiz with the mobile app that contains Gapfill questions it will be automatically loaded as a remote addon. The selection of "draggables" follows the pattern set by the core [[Drag and drop into text question type]]. Instead of dragging answers into gaps, the answer will be clicked to select and then a gap will be clicked to drop into. Clicking away from an answer and into a gap will allow a gap to be cleared. In the screen shot the word New has been selected ready to drop into the second gap.

[[Image:mobile_gapfill4.png|Gapfill in Moodle mobile]]

== Regular Expressions==
It is possible to use regular expressions in answers, for example if you wanted both the US and UK spelling of colour as an answer you could add a field with the broken bar operator to act as an OR as in "What [color|colour] is the sky?". You can search for any string that starts with c and ends with r as "What [c.*r] is the sky". More complex regular expressions should also work.

You could use regular expressions to mitigate common spelling errors, e.g. {cal[e|a]ndar} (note the selection of alternative delimiters to get around the use of the square brackets in the operator. This question type makes no attempt to check the validity of your regular expressions. You can read more about using regular expressions in the documentation for the PReg type see
[[Preg_question_type]] and also
[[Regular_Expression_Short-Answer_question_type]]

==Show Correct Responses ==
In interactive mode (set in the [[Question behaviours|question behaviour]] of the quiz) it is possible to have a question indicate the number of questions that are correct and for this to be displayed for each field. This takes the form of red/green background colour and a tick or cross. To make this happen check the "show number of correct responses option" in the hint field under the multiple tries option. Note, that if you have given an incorrect answer it will not show what the correct answer is. You can of course put in the text of the whole including all correct answer into the "For any partially correct response" text area in the combined feedback section.

[[Image:hints.jpg|hints r]]

==No Duplicates Mode ==
This allows a question in the form Name three examples of X. So you could ask "Name the colours of medals awarded in the Olympic Games". The syntax of the question fields would be [gold|silver|bronze] three times. Note the separator is the broken bar character which acts as an OR operator. Make sure you select gapfill mode for this type of question, otherwise you will have confusing draggable prompts appearing.

By checking the No duplicates box in the question editing form, when it comes to marking any duplicates will be discarded. Correct answers will still be displayed with a green check/tick (as they are actually correct), but marks will only be awarded for the first occurrence of the selection. As of version 1.1, when this happens the background of the duplicated values will be displayed in yellow and a message added to the feedback will say "Credit is partial because you have duplicate answers".

[[Image:duplicate_gapfill.png|Duplicate answers]]

==Tables with category columns==
By combining No duplicates mode with the | (or) operator it is possible to create tables with category columns. So in the following screen shot there are two distinct gaps containing [lion|tiger] [dog|wolf] but these are duplicated to allow for all four answers. These are then placed in a table to allow the student to drag into the appropriate category columns.
[[Image:gapfill_categories.gif|Gapfill Categories]]
<br/>This screen shot shows how the question text appears in the editor. Note that the shading for the heading row is done by including <th> tags for the first row instead of <td> tags and by setting the class table tag as <table class=gapfilltable>, The gapfilltable class is supplied in the css for the question type.
If you are using the HTML editor, switch to HTML mode and paste in the following code as an example.

<pre>
<table class="gapfilltable" border="2" rules="rows">
<tbody>
<tr><th>Feline</th><th>Canine</th></tr>
<tr><td>[tiger|lion]</td><td>[dog|wolf]</td></tr>
<tr><td>[tiger|lion]</td><td>[dog|wolf]</td></tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</pre>
==Tables with images==
Tables with images can be used to create a question where the student must drag the word into the gap next to the appropriate picture
[[Image:fruit2.png|Tables with images]]
<pre>
<table class="gapfilltable" border="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><img src="http://apple.png" alt="" width="50" height="51" /></td>
<td>[apple]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><img src="http://pear.png" alt="" width="58" height="55" /></td>
<td>[pear]</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</pre>

==Gapfill crossword==
It is a bit of a fiddle but it is not wildly difficult. You might also be able to do this with [[Embedded Answers (Cloze) question type|the core Cloze question type]], but the source text would probably be a bit ugly.

[[File:Gapfill crossword.png|400px]]

In order to make the above crossword you would need to:
* Write in paper (preferably using a lined or graph paper) the completed crossword.
* Make a new Gapfill question instance
* Type the relevant instructions (if necessary)
* Type the Across and Down definitions of the words that the user must guess.
* Build a table with the proper number of rows and columns.
* Leave the empty table cells empty.
* Populate the interesting parts of the table with either
** a fixed character (if you will be helping the reader, as most crosswords do)
** or each character to be guessed enclosed within square brackets.
* Save your question and preview
* Fix mistakes (if present)
* Try as a student

Here is the HTML code that was used to create that example. Note that the gapfillcol class ships with the question type and sets the light grey background among other things. It is probably easiest to create the table/grid using the Moodle built in Atto editor and then tweak the HTML code afterwards.

<pre>
<table class="text-center gapfillcol" border="1">
<tbody>
<tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>1</td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>2</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>[T]</td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>[M]</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>[U]</td></tr>
<tr><td> </td><td>3</td><td>[L]</td><td>[O]</td><td>[N]</td><td>[D]</td><td>[O]</td><td>[N]</td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>[O]</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>[E]</td></tr><tr><td> 4 </td><td>[W]</td><td>[I]</td><td>[N]</td><td>[E]</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</pre>

==Disable Regex ==
The Gapfill question uses regular expressions by default to compare the answer given by a user with the correct answer stored in the database. There are times where it is more convenient to turn this off and use plain string comparisons. This is true where the answer text contains characters that have a special meaning in regular expressions such as < > * . / \. This can be done by checking the Disable Regex option in the More options section as in the screen shot.

[[Image:disableregex3.png |Disable Regex]]

==Fixed Gapsize==
When this is checked all gaps will be set to the size of the largest gap. If the gap includes the or operator | the size will be set to the widest of the words used.
[[Image:fixedgapsize.png |Fixed Gap size checkbox]]

==Letter Hints==
This setting only has an effect when the [[Question behaviours|interactive with multiple tries question behaviour]] is selected and when hints have been added to the question. If a student submits an incorrect answer the first letter of the correct answer will be added. If they submit another incorrect answer first two letters of the correct answer will be added and this continues for the number of hints that are added for the question.
[[Image:gapfill_letter_hints.png|Letter Hints]]

==Double Not ==
The use of !! indicates that a gap can be left empty and considered a correct response.

This is of particular use with the | or operator where one or more answers or a blank will be considered correct e.g. [cat|dog|!!].

This is illustrated in a new sample question in the sample_questions.xml files shipped with this question type called "Correct_empty_gaps with !!" As part of this change the calculation of maximum score per question instance has been modified, so a question with "The [cat] sat on the [!!]" will be worth two marks in total one for entering cat and one for leaving the second gap blank. This is necessary to ensure that if a value is put in the [!!] space a mark will be lost.

==Extended Characters==

Gapfill will only work with characters that will display in a standard HTML form. This means it will not render any [[HTML]] or [[LaTeX]]. It should be possible to display [[Unicode|unicode]] characters such as these examples of "powers".

What is ten to the power 3?[10³]

What is ten to the power 4?[10⁴]

What is ten to the power 5?[10⁵]

What is ten to the power 6?[10⁶]

What is ten to the power 7?[10⁷]

What is ten to the power 8?[10⁸ ]

What is ten to the power 9?[10⁹]

[[Image:tenpower.png|extended characters]]

Note: You ''can use some HTML codes'' inside gapfill questions, but you must first click on the <> button to show HTML code. Please note that you could actually type most of these codes directly. The following HTML codes are available:

* <code>&nbsp</code> - non-breaking space i.e. a space but there will never be a line-break inserted instead of this space at the end of a line
* <code>&amp</code> - ampersand sign (&)
* <code>&apos</code> - apostrophe sign (')
* <code>&copy</code> - copyright sign (©)
* <code>&plusmn</code> - "plus or minus" sign (±)
* <code>&times</code> - multiply sign (*)
* <code>&divide</code> - divide sign (/)
* <code>&gt</code> - "greater than" sign ( > )
* <code>&lt</code> - "less than" sign (<)
* <code>&laquo</code> - quotation mark (‘)
* <code>&lsquo</code> - left single quotation sign (‘)
* <code>&rsquo</code> - right single quotation sign (’)

[[File:Gapfill with extended HTML characters.png|Gapfill using some HTML codes]]

==Set defaults for new questions==

Some default values can be configured for new instances of the question. With an admin login account go '' Site administration > Plugins > Question types '' and select '' Gapfill > Settings ''.

This was very easy with the Clean theme:

[[Image:gapfill_admin.png|Gapfill Admin with Clean theme]]

It may be a little cumbersome with the Boost theme:

[[Image:Boost gapfill admin.png|Gapfill Admin with Boost theme]]

Select settings and you will see the following form

[[Image:gapfill_settings.png|Gapfill Settings]]

==Use in modules other than quiz==
This question type has been used in the [[Question_practice_module]] and the [[Question_Creation_module]]

==Related Question Types ==

There is a 'companion' question type called [[Wordselect question type|Wordselect]] that may be of interest to users of this question type. Word select questions are created in a similar way, i.e. putting sqare braces around certain words. The difference is that all words are shown and the student has to click on the words they consider to be correct.

This Gapfill question was designed to be simpler to use than the [[Embedded Answers (Cloze) question type|the core Cloze question type]]. However, the Gapfill type has fewer features than [[Embedded Answers (Cloze) question type|the Cloze type]]. There are [[Cloze editor module|cloze editors available for both TinyMCE and Atto]] that greatly ease the making of Cloze question types, without having to learn the complex cloze syntax.

There are two other core question types that cover a slightly similar area to Gapfill
* the [[Drag and drop into text question type]]
* and the [[Select missing words question type|Select missing words (gapselect) question type]].

[[Category:Language teaching]]

[[es:Tipo de pregunta llenarhueco]]

File:letterhints2.png

2020-09-20T12:48:43Z

Marcusgreen:

Gapfill question type

2020-09-20T12:46:23Z

Marcusgreen: /* Options After Text */

{{Infobox plugin
|type = question type
|entry = https://moodle.org/plugins/view.php?plugin=qtype_gapfill
|tracker = https://github.com/marcusgreen/moodle-qtype_gapfill/issues
|discussion = https://moodle.org/plugins/view.php?plugin=qtype_gapfill
|maintainer = [[user:Marcus Green|Marcus Green]]
|float = right
}}
{{Questions}}

==Installing this question type==

Follow the generic [[Installing plugins]] documentation.

== The Gapfill Question Type ==
All you need to learn to get started with this question type is the contents of one 7 word sentence as follows

''Put square braces around the missing words''

For the programmers and mathematicians, don't worry that it says square braces, you can use other delimiters on a per question basis. The classic example of a question is a question where the text reads.

''The [cat] sat on the [mat]''

Which will create a question with two gaps where the answers are cat and mat. Although it was designed with the idea of single missing words it will accept a sequence of words with spaces between them in the gaps. This type of question can be particularly useful for teaching languages.

== Example questions available ==
Over 500 example questions are available for re-use and modification under a creative commons license. The examples are installed with the question type but the latest versions of these can be found at
https://github.com/marcusgreen/moodle-qtype_gapfill/tree/master/examples/en. There are two files, gapfill_examples.xml has about 20 questions containing examples of how to use the features of the question type.

The other file, english_language.xml is aimed at people teaching english and is broken into approximately 31 categories such as irregular verbs, tenses etc, each question includes tags. This is a companion file to the additional 100 English questions that ships with the Wordselect question type
https://github.com/marcusgreen/moodle-qtype_wordselect/tree/master/examples/en
These files are in xml format, instructions on how to import them can be found here
[[Import_questions#Importing_questions_from_an_existing_file]].

[[Image:gapfill_edit11.png|Gapfill Edit]]

By default the student will see the questions in dragdrop mode where they can use the mouse to drag the answers from a displayed list into the matching field. When a student is answering one of these questions javascript only updates the text contents of the field, so even in this mode it is possible to type the answers into the field. As of version 1.4 it was updated to work with touch devices such as tablets and mobile phones and this post in the forum shows how it works with a wide range of devices.

https://moodle.org/mod/forum/discuss.php?d=251406#p1092014

==At Runtine==

[[Image:gfruntime.jpg|Gapfill runtime]]

Changing the display answer options allows the question to be presented with either no prompts or dropdown lists. Here is where you can make that change
[[Image:displayoptions.png|Display answer config]]

This is how the same question will appear with dropdown lists.

[[Image:dropdowns.png|Gapfill with dropdowns]]

There is a drop down list of alternative delimiting characters ## {} and @@ which will allow a question in the form The {cat} sat on the {mat}.
It is possible to select dropdown or gapfill mode. Dropdown shows a list of all possible answers in each field and gapfill shows only an empty field with no list of options to select.

By default marking is not case sensitive. So if the student enters CAT in a field of the form [cat] it will be considered correct. The editing form has an option to make the marking process case sensitive.

Each (correct) field is worth exactly 1 mark, so The [cat] sat on the [mat] has a maximum possible score of 2 marks. There is no concept of negative marking. The question supports the standard [[Question behaviours|behaviours]], hinting and combined feedback options. If an incorrect answer is entered and if display right answer has been selected in the quiz review options the correct answer will be shown next to the gap within braces as in the following screen shot.

[[Image:gapfill_correct_answer2.png|Gapfill complete]]

The editing form offers a field for adding wrong or distractor options. These only make sense in dragdrop or dropdown mode. Wrong answers must be entered as a comma delimited list and a shuffled list of correct and incorrect answers will be displayed with the question. If you need commas to appear in your distractors they can be escaped with a backslash \,
==Options After Text==
This setting only makes a difference in dragdrop mode. It positions the draggable answer options after the body of the text instead of above it. This can be useful where the gaps are at the end of an explanatory block of text. It means the answers do not have to be dragged as far and is useful on smaller screens such as mobile devices as it reduces the need for screen scroll.

[[Image:optionsaftertext2.png|Checkbox to display options after text]]

==Single use draggables==
This only applies to drag drop mode. When a draggable option is dropped into a gap it is removed from the list. This can be useful to simplify the selection of answer options.

[[Image:single_use_draggables.png|Single use draggables]]

==Letter Hints==
This setting only applies when the Interactive with multiple tries behaviour is used.
[[Image:letterhints.png|Checkbox to set letter hints]]

When a student gives an incorrect response they will be given incrementing letters from the correct answer when they press try again. So if the correct response is cat and the student responds with dog, on the next attempt that gap will contain c, and if they the respond with mouse, on the next response the gap will contain ca etc etc.

==In the Mobile App==
Version 1.93 includes code for the Mobile App. If you access a quiz with the mobile app that contains Gapfill questions it will be automatically loaded as a remote addon. The selection of "draggables" follows the pattern set by the core [[Drag and drop into text question type]]. Instead of dragging answers into gaps, the answer will be clicked to select and then a gap will be clicked to drop into. Clicking away from an answer and into a gap will allow a gap to be cleared. In the screen shot the word New has been selected ready to drop into the second gap.

[[Image:mobile_gapfill4.png|Gapfill in Moodle mobile]]

== Regular Expressions==
It is possible to use regular expressions in answers, for example if you wanted both the US and UK spelling of colour as an answer you could add a field with the broken bar operator to act as an OR as in "What [color|colour] is the sky?". You can search for any string that starts with c and ends with r as "What [c.*r] is the sky". More complex regular expressions should also work.

You could use regular expressions to mitigate common spelling errors, e.g. {cal[e|a]ndar} (note the selection of alternative delimiters to get around the use of the square brackets in the operator. This question type makes no attempt to check the validity of your regular expressions. You can read more about using regular expressions in the documentation for the PReg type see
[[Preg_question_type]] and also
[[Regular_Expression_Short-Answer_question_type]]

==Show Correct Responses ==
In interactive mode (set in the [[Question behaviours|question behaviour]] of the quiz) it is possible to have a question indicate the number of questions that are correct and for this to be displayed for each field. This takes the form of red/green background colour and a tick or cross. To make this happen check the "show number of correct responses option" in the hint field under the multiple tries option. Note, that if you have given an incorrect answer it will not show what the correct answer is. You can of course put in the text of the whole including all correct answer into the "For any partially correct response" text area in the combined feedback section.

[[Image:hints.jpg|hints r]]

==No Duplicates Mode ==
This allows a question in the form Name three examples of X. So you could ask "Name the colours of medals awarded in the Olympic Games". The syntax of the question fields would be [gold|silver|bronze] three times. Note the separator is the broken bar character which acts as an OR operator. Make sure you select gapfill mode for this type of question, otherwise you will have confusing draggable prompts appearing.

By checking the No duplicates box in the question editing form, when it comes to marking any duplicates will be discarded. Correct answers will still be displayed with a green check/tick (as they are actually correct), but marks will only be awarded for the first occurrence of the selection. As of version 1.1, when this happens the background of the duplicated values will be displayed in yellow and a message added to the feedback will say "Credit is partial because you have duplicate answers".

[[Image:duplicate_gapfill.png|Duplicate answers]]

==Tables with category columns==
By combining No duplicates mode with the | (or) operator it is possible to create tables with category columns. So in the following screen shot there are two distinct gaps containing [lion|tiger] [dog|wolf] but these are duplicated to allow for all four answers. These are then placed in a table to allow the student to drag into the appropriate category columns.
[[Image:gapfill_categories.gif|Gapfill Categories]]
<br/>This screen shot shows how the question text appears in the editor. Note that the shading for the heading row is done by including <th> tags for the first row instead of <td> tags and by setting the class table tag as <table class=gapfilltable>, The gapfilltable class is supplied in the css for the question type.
If you are using the HTML editor, switch to HTML mode and paste in the following code as an example.

<pre>
<table class="gapfilltable" border="2" rules="rows">
<tbody>
<tr><th>Feline</th><th>Canine</th></tr>
<tr><td>[tiger|lion]</td><td>[dog|wolf]</td></tr>
<tr><td>[tiger|lion]</td><td>[dog|wolf]</td></tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</pre>
==Tables with images==
Tables with images can be used to create a question where the student must drag the word into the gap next to the appropriate picture
[[Image:fruit2.png|Tables with images]]
<pre>
<table class="gapfilltable" border="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><img src="http://apple.png" alt="" width="50" height="51" /></td>
<td>[apple]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><img src="http://pear.png" alt="" width="58" height="55" /></td>
<td>[pear]</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</pre>

==Gapfill crossword==
It is a bit of a fiddle but it is not wildly difficult. You might also be able to do this with [[Embedded Answers (Cloze) question type|the core Cloze question type]], but the source text would probably be a bit ugly.

[[File:Gapfill crossword.png|400px]]

In order to make the above crossword you would need to:
* Write in paper (preferably using a lined or graph paper) the completed crossword.
* Make a new Gapfill question instance
* Type the relevant instructions (if necessary)
* Type the Across and Down definitions of the words that the user must guess.
* Build a table with the proper number of rows and columns.
* Leave the empty table cells empty.
* Populate the interesting parts of the table with either
** a fixed character (if you will be helping the reader, as most crosswords do)
** or each character to be guessed enclosed within square brackets.
* Save your question and preview
* Fix mistakes (if present)
* Try as a student

Here is the HTML code that was used to create that example. Note that the gapfillcol class ships with the question type and sets the light grey background among other things. It is probably easiest to create the table/grid using the Moodle built in Atto editor and then tweak the HTML code afterwards.

<pre>
<table class="text-center gapfillcol" border="1">
<tbody>
<tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>1</td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>2</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>[T]</td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>[M]</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>[U]</td></tr>
<tr><td> </td><td>3</td><td>[L]</td><td>[O]</td><td>[N]</td><td>[D]</td><td>[O]</td><td>[N]</td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>[O]</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>[E]</td></tr><tr><td> 4 </td><td>[W]</td><td>[I]</td><td>[N]</td><td>[E]</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</pre>

==Disable Regex ==
The Gapfill question uses regular expressions by default to compare the answer given by a user with the correct answer stored in the database. There are times where it is more convenient to turn this off and use plain string comparisons. This is true where the answer text contains characters that have a special meaning in regular expressions such as < > * . / \. This can be done by checking the Disable Regex option in the More options section as in the screen shot.

[[Image:disableregex3.png |Disable Regex]]

==Fixed Gapsize==
When this is checked all gaps will be set to the size of the largest gap. If the gap includes the or operator | the size will be set to the widest of the words used.
[[Image:fixedgapsize.png |Fixed Gap size checkbox]]

==Letter Hints==
This setting only has an effect when the [[Question behaviours|interactive with multiple tries question behaviour]] is selected and when hints have been added to the question. If a student submits an incorrect answer the first letter of the correct answer will be added. If they submit another incorrect answer first two letters of the correct answer will be added and this continues for the number of hints that are added for the question.
[[Image:gapfill_letter_hints.png|Letter Hints]]

==Double Not ==
The use of !! indicates that a gap can be left empty and considered a correct response.

This is of particular use with the | or operator where one or more answers or a blank will be considered correct e.g. [cat|dog|!!].

This is illustrated in a new sample question in the sample_questions.xml files shipped with this question type called "Correct_empty_gaps with !!" As part of this change the calculation of maximum score per question instance has been modified, so a question with "The [cat] sat on the [!!]" will be worth two marks in total one for entering cat and one for leaving the second gap blank. This is necessary to ensure that if a value is put in the [!!] space a mark will be lost.

==Extended Characters==

Gapfill will only work with characters that will display in a standard HTML form. This means it will not render any [[HTML]] or [[LaTeX]]. It should be possible to display [[Unicode|unicode]] characters such as these examples of "powers".

What is ten to the power 3?[10³]

What is ten to the power 4?[10⁴]

What is ten to the power 5?[10⁵]

What is ten to the power 6?[10⁶]

What is ten to the power 7?[10⁷]

What is ten to the power 8?[10⁸ ]

What is ten to the power 9?[10⁹]

[[Image:tenpower.png|extended characters]]

Note: You ''can use some HTML codes'' inside gapfill questions, but you must first click on the <> button to show HTML code. Please note that you could actually type most of these codes directly. The following HTML codes are available:

* <code>&nbsp</code> - non-breaking space i.e. a space but there will never be a line-break inserted instead of this space at the end of a line
* <code>&amp</code> - ampersand sign (&)
* <code>&apos</code> - apostrophe sign (')
* <code>&copy</code> - copyright sign (©)
* <code>&plusmn</code> - "plus or minus" sign (±)
* <code>&times</code> - multiply sign (*)
* <code>&divide</code> - divide sign (/)
* <code>&gt</code> - "greater than" sign ( > )
* <code>&lt</code> - "less than" sign (<)
* <code>&laquo</code> - quotation mark (‘)
* <code>&lsquo</code> - left single quotation sign (‘)
* <code>&rsquo</code> - right single quotation sign (’)

[[File:Gapfill with extended HTML characters.png|Gapfill using some HTML codes]]

==Set defaults for new questions==

Some default values can be configured for new instances of the question. With an admin login account go '' Site administration > Plugins > Question types '' and select '' Gapfill > Settings ''.

This was very easy with the Clean theme:

[[Image:gapfill_admin.png|Gapfill Admin with Clean theme]]

It may be a little cumbersome with the Boost theme:

[[Image:Boost gapfill admin.png|Gapfill Admin with Boost theme]]

Select settings and you will see the following form

[[Image:gapfill_settings.png|Gapfill Settings]]

==Use in modules other than quiz==
This question type has been used in the [[Question_practice_module]] and the [[Question_Creation_module]]

==Related Question Types ==

There is a 'companion' question type called [[Wordselect question type|Wordselect]] that may be of interest to users of this question type. Word select questions are created in a similar way, i.e. putting sqare braces around certain words. The difference is that all words are shown and the student has to click on the words they consider to be correct.

This Gapfill question was designed to be simpler to use than the [[Embedded Answers (Cloze) question type|the core Cloze question type]]. However, the Gapfill type has fewer features than [[Embedded Answers (Cloze) question type|the Cloze type]]. There are [[Cloze editor module|cloze editors available for both TinyMCE and Atto]] that greatly ease the making of Cloze question types, without having to learn the complex cloze syntax.

There are two other core question types that cover a slightly similar area to Gapfill
* the [[Drag and drop into text question type]]
* and the [[Select missing words question type|Select missing words (gapselect) question type]].

[[Category:Language teaching]]

[[es:Tipo de pregunta llenarhueco]]

File:optionsaftertext2.png

2020-09-20T12:45:46Z

Marcusgreen:

Gapfill question type

2020-09-20T10:38:51Z

Marcusgreen: /* Options After Text */

{{Infobox plugin
|type = question type
|entry = https://moodle.org/plugins/view.php?plugin=qtype_gapfill
|tracker = https://github.com/marcusgreen/moodle-qtype_gapfill/issues
|discussion = https://moodle.org/plugins/view.php?plugin=qtype_gapfill
|maintainer = [[user:Marcus Green|Marcus Green]]
|float = right
}}
{{Questions}}

==Installing this question type==

Follow the generic [[Installing plugins]] documentation.

== The Gapfill Question Type ==
All you need to learn to get started with this question type is the contents of one 7 word sentence as follows

''Put square braces around the missing words''

For the programmers and mathematicians, don't worry that it says square braces, you can use other delimiters on a per question basis. The classic example of a question is a question where the text reads.

''The [cat] sat on the [mat]''

Which will create a question with two gaps where the answers are cat and mat. Although it was designed with the idea of single missing words it will accept a sequence of words with spaces between them in the gaps. This type of question can be particularly useful for teaching languages.

== Example questions available ==
Over 500 example questions are available for re-use and modification under a creative commons license. The examples are installed with the question type but the latest versions of these can be found at
https://github.com/marcusgreen/moodle-qtype_gapfill/tree/master/examples/en. There are two files, gapfill_examples.xml has about 20 questions containing examples of how to use the features of the question type.

The other file, english_language.xml is aimed at people teaching english and is broken into approximately 31 categories such as irregular verbs, tenses etc, each question includes tags. This is a companion file to the additional 100 English questions that ships with the Wordselect question type
https://github.com/marcusgreen/moodle-qtype_wordselect/tree/master/examples/en
These files are in xml format, instructions on how to import them can be found here
[[Import_questions#Importing_questions_from_an_existing_file]].

[[Image:gapfill_edit11.png|Gapfill Edit]]

By default the student will see the questions in dragdrop mode where they can use the mouse to drag the answers from a displayed list into the matching field. When a student is answering one of these questions javascript only updates the text contents of the field, so even in this mode it is possible to type the answers into the field. As of version 1.4 it was updated to work with touch devices such as tablets and mobile phones and this post in the forum shows how it works with a wide range of devices.

https://moodle.org/mod/forum/discuss.php?d=251406#p1092014

==At Runtine==

[[Image:gfruntime.jpg|Gapfill runtime]]

Changing the display answer options allows the question to be presented with either no prompts or dropdown lists. Here is where you can make that change
[[Image:displayoptions.png|Display answer config]]

This is how the same question will appear with dropdown lists.

[[Image:dropdowns.png|Gapfill with dropdowns]]

There is a drop down list of alternative delimiting characters ## {} and @@ which will allow a question in the form The {cat} sat on the {mat}.
It is possible to select dropdown or gapfill mode. Dropdown shows a list of all possible answers in each field and gapfill shows only an empty field with no list of options to select.

By default marking is not case sensitive. So if the student enters CAT in a field of the form [cat] it will be considered correct. The editing form has an option to make the marking process case sensitive.

Each (correct) field is worth exactly 1 mark, so The [cat] sat on the [mat] has a maximum possible score of 2 marks. There is no concept of negative marking. The question supports the standard [[Question behaviours|behaviours]], hinting and combined feedback options. If an incorrect answer is entered and if display right answer has been selected in the quiz review options the correct answer will be shown next to the gap within braces as in the following screen shot.

[[Image:gapfill_correct_answer2.png|Gapfill complete]]

The editing form offers a field for adding wrong or distractor options. These only make sense in dragdrop or dropdown mode. Wrong answers must be entered as a comma delimited list and a shuffled list of correct and incorrect answers will be displayed with the question. If you need commas to appear in your distractors they can be escaped with a backslash \,
==Options After Text==
This setting only makes a difference in dragdrop mode. It positions the draggable answer options after the body of the text instead of above it. This can be useful where the gaps are at the end of an explanatory block of text. It means the answers do not have to be dragged as far and is useful on smaller screens such as mobile devices as it reduces the need for screen scroll.

[[Image:optionsaftertext.png|Checkbox to display options after text]]

==Single use draggables==
This only applies to drag drop mode. When a draggable option is dropped into a gap it is removed from the list. This can be useful to simplify the selection of answer options.

[[Image:single_use_draggables.png|Single use draggables]]

==Letter Hints==
This setting only applies when the Interactive with multiple tries behaviour is used.
[[Image:letterhints.png|Checkbox to set letter hints]]

When a student gives an incorrect response they will be given incrementing letters from the correct answer when they press try again. So if the correct response is cat and the student responds with dog, on the next attempt that gap will contain c, and if they the respond with mouse, on the next response the gap will contain ca etc etc.

==In the Mobile App==
Version 1.93 includes code for the Mobile App. If you access a quiz with the mobile app that contains Gapfill questions it will be automatically loaded as a remote addon. The selection of "draggables" follows the pattern set by the core [[Drag and drop into text question type]]. Instead of dragging answers into gaps, the answer will be clicked to select and then a gap will be clicked to drop into. Clicking away from an answer and into a gap will allow a gap to be cleared. In the screen shot the word New has been selected ready to drop into the second gap.

[[Image:mobile_gapfill4.png|Gapfill in Moodle mobile]]

== Regular Expressions==
It is possible to use regular expressions in answers, for example if you wanted both the US and UK spelling of colour as an answer you could add a field with the broken bar operator to act as an OR as in "What [color|colour] is the sky?". You can search for any string that starts with c and ends with r as "What [c.*r] is the sky". More complex regular expressions should also work.

You could use regular expressions to mitigate common spelling errors, e.g. {cal[e|a]ndar} (note the selection of alternative delimiters to get around the use of the square brackets in the operator. This question type makes no attempt to check the validity of your regular expressions. You can read more about using regular expressions in the documentation for the PReg type see
[[Preg_question_type]] and also
[[Regular_Expression_Short-Answer_question_type]]

==Show Correct Responses ==
In interactive mode (set in the [[Question behaviours|question behaviour]] of the quiz) it is possible to have a question indicate the number of questions that are correct and for this to be displayed for each field. This takes the form of red/green background colour and a tick or cross. To make this happen check the "show number of correct responses option" in the hint field under the multiple tries option. Note, that if you have given an incorrect answer it will not show what the correct answer is. You can of course put in the text of the whole including all correct answer into the "For any partially correct response" text area in the combined feedback section.

[[Image:hints.jpg|hints r]]

==No Duplicates Mode ==
This allows a question in the form Name three examples of X. So you could ask "Name the colours of medals awarded in the Olympic Games". The syntax of the question fields would be [gold|silver|bronze] three times. Note the separator is the broken bar character which acts as an OR operator. Make sure you select gapfill mode for this type of question, otherwise you will have confusing draggable prompts appearing.

By checking the No duplicates box in the question editing form, when it comes to marking any duplicates will be discarded. Correct answers will still be displayed with a green check/tick (as they are actually correct), but marks will only be awarded for the first occurrence of the selection. As of version 1.1, when this happens the background of the duplicated values will be displayed in yellow and a message added to the feedback will say "Credit is partial because you have duplicate answers".

[[Image:duplicate_gapfill.png|Duplicate answers]]

==Tables with category columns==
By combining No duplicates mode with the | (or) operator it is possible to create tables with category columns. So in the following screen shot there are two distinct gaps containing [lion|tiger] [dog|wolf] but these are duplicated to allow for all four answers. These are then placed in a table to allow the student to drag into the appropriate category columns.
[[Image:gapfill_categories.gif|Gapfill Categories]]
<br/>This screen shot shows how the question text appears in the editor. Note that the shading for the heading row is done by including <th> tags for the first row instead of <td> tags and by setting the class table tag as <table class=gapfilltable>, The gapfilltable class is supplied in the css for the question type.
If you are using the HTML editor, switch to HTML mode and paste in the following code as an example.

<pre>
<table class="gapfilltable" border="2" rules="rows">
<tbody>
<tr><th>Feline</th><th>Canine</th></tr>
<tr><td>[tiger|lion]</td><td>[dog|wolf]</td></tr>
<tr><td>[tiger|lion]</td><td>[dog|wolf]</td></tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</pre>
==Tables with images==
Tables with images can be used to create a question where the student must drag the word into the gap next to the appropriate picture
[[Image:fruit2.png|Tables with images]]
<pre>
<table class="gapfilltable" border="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><img src="http://apple.png" alt="" width="50" height="51" /></td>
<td>[apple]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><img src="http://pear.png" alt="" width="58" height="55" /></td>
<td>[pear]</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</pre>

==Gapfill crossword==
It is a bit of a fiddle but it is not wildly difficult. You might also be able to do this with [[Embedded Answers (Cloze) question type|the core Cloze question type]], but the source text would probably be a bit ugly.

[[File:Gapfill crossword.png|400px]]

In order to make the above crossword you would need to:
* Write in paper (preferably using a lined or graph paper) the completed crossword.
* Make a new Gapfill question instance
* Type the relevant instructions (if necessary)
* Type the Across and Down definitions of the words that the user must guess.
* Build a table with the proper number of rows and columns.
* Leave the empty table cells empty.
* Populate the interesting parts of the table with either
** a fixed character (if you will be helping the reader, as most crosswords do)
** or each character to be guessed enclosed within square brackets.
* Save your question and preview
* Fix mistakes (if present)
* Try as a student

Here is the HTML code that was used to create that example. Note that the gapfillcol class ships with the question type and sets the light grey background among other things. It is probably easiest to create the table/grid using the Moodle built in Atto editor and then tweak the HTML code afterwards.

<pre>
<table class="text-center gapfillcol" border="1">
<tbody>
<tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>1</td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>2</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>[T]</td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>[M]</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>[U]</td></tr>
<tr><td> </td><td>3</td><td>[L]</td><td>[O]</td><td>[N]</td><td>[D]</td><td>[O]</td><td>[N]</td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>[O]</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>[E]</td></tr><tr><td> 4 </td><td>[W]</td><td>[I]</td><td>[N]</td><td>[E]</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</pre>

==Disable Regex ==
The Gapfill question uses regular expressions by default to compare the answer given by a user with the correct answer stored in the database. There are times where it is more convenient to turn this off and use plain string comparisons. This is true where the answer text contains characters that have a special meaning in regular expressions such as < > * . / \. This can be done by checking the Disable Regex option in the More options section as in the screen shot.

[[Image:disableregex3.png |Disable Regex]]

==Fixed Gapsize==
When this is checked all gaps will be set to the size of the largest gap. If the gap includes the or operator | the size will be set to the widest of the words used.
[[Image:fixedgapsize.png |Fixed Gap size checkbox]]

==Letter Hints==
This setting only has an effect when the [[Question behaviours|interactive with multiple tries question behaviour]] is selected and when hints have been added to the question. If a student submits an incorrect answer the first letter of the correct answer will be added. If they submit another incorrect answer first two letters of the correct answer will be added and this continues for the number of hints that are added for the question.
[[Image:gapfill_letter_hints.png|Letter Hints]]

==Double Not ==
The use of !! indicates that a gap can be left empty and considered a correct response.

This is of particular use with the | or operator where one or more answers or a blank will be considered correct e.g. [cat|dog|!!].

This is illustrated in a new sample question in the sample_questions.xml files shipped with this question type called "Correct_empty_gaps with !!" As part of this change the calculation of maximum score per question instance has been modified, so a question with "The [cat] sat on the [!!]" will be worth two marks in total one for entering cat and one for leaving the second gap blank. This is necessary to ensure that if a value is put in the [!!] space a mark will be lost.

==Extended Characters==

Gapfill will only work with characters that will display in a standard HTML form. This means it will not render any [[HTML]] or [[LaTeX]]. It should be possible to display [[Unicode|unicode]] characters such as these examples of "powers".

What is ten to the power 3?[10³]

What is ten to the power 4?[10⁴]

What is ten to the power 5?[10⁵]

What is ten to the power 6?[10⁶]

What is ten to the power 7?[10⁷]

What is ten to the power 8?[10⁸ ]

What is ten to the power 9?[10⁹]

[[Image:tenpower.png|extended characters]]

Note: You ''can use some HTML codes'' inside gapfill questions, but you must first click on the <> button to show HTML code. Please note that you could actually type most of these codes directly. The following HTML codes are available:

* <code>&nbsp</code> - non-breaking space i.e. a space but there will never be a line-break inserted instead of this space at the end of a line
* <code>&amp</code> - ampersand sign (&)
* <code>&apos</code> - apostrophe sign (')
* <code>&copy</code> - copyright sign (©)
* <code>&plusmn</code> - "plus or minus" sign (±)
* <code>&times</code> - multiply sign (*)
* <code>&divide</code> - divide sign (/)
* <code>&gt</code> - "greater than" sign ( > )
* <code>&lt</code> - "less than" sign (<)
* <code>&laquo</code> - quotation mark (‘)
* <code>&lsquo</code> - left single quotation sign (‘)
* <code>&rsquo</code> - right single quotation sign (’)

[[File:Gapfill with extended HTML characters.png|Gapfill using some HTML codes]]

==Set defaults for new questions==

Some default values can be configured for new instances of the question. With an admin login account go '' Site administration > Plugins > Question types '' and select '' Gapfill > Settings ''.

This was very easy with the Clean theme:

[[Image:gapfill_admin.png|Gapfill Admin with Clean theme]]

It may be a little cumbersome with the Boost theme:

[[Image:Boost gapfill admin.png|Gapfill Admin with Boost theme]]

Select settings and you will see the following form

[[Image:gapfill_settings.png|Gapfill Settings]]

==Use in modules other than quiz==
This question type has been used in the [[Question_practice_module]] and the [[Question_Creation_module]]

==Related Question Types ==

There is a 'companion' question type called [[Wordselect question type|Wordselect]] that may be of interest to users of this question type. Word select questions are created in a similar way, i.e. putting sqare braces around certain words. The difference is that all words are shown and the student has to click on the words they consider to be correct.

This Gapfill question was designed to be simpler to use than the [[Embedded Answers (Cloze) question type|the core Cloze question type]]. However, the Gapfill type has fewer features than [[Embedded Answers (Cloze) question type|the Cloze type]]. There are [[Cloze editor module|cloze editors available for both TinyMCE and Atto]] that greatly ease the making of Cloze question types, without having to learn the complex cloze syntax.

There are two other core question types that cover a slightly similar area to Gapfill
* the [[Drag and drop into text question type]]
* and the [[Select missing words question type|Select missing words (gapselect) question type]].

[[Category:Language teaching]]

[[es:Tipo de pregunta llenarhueco]]

File:single use draggables.png

2020-09-20T10:37:10Z

Marcusgreen:

Drag and drop markers question type

2020-09-19T20:05:08Z

Marcusgreen: /* Creating polygons */

{{Questions}}

This question type allows students to drop markers onto an area on a background image. Drag and drop markers questions differ from [[Drag and drop onto image question type]] in that there are no predefined areas on the underlying image that are visible to the student.

==How to create a question==

Give the question a descriptive name to help you find it in the question bank. (Students won't see the name.) In our example, students must correctly locate regions of Australia.

Add the question to the text editor, using any formatting you wish.

In the '''Preview''' section, click the background image button to upload an image. Larger images will be displayed at a maximum 600 x 400.Your image will then display under the file upload box. Note that grid lines are visible:

[[File:dragdropmarkerimageupload.png]]

In the '''Markers''' section, add the words you want the students to drag onto the areas you select.

[[File:ddmarkerswords.png]]

In the 'Number' dropdown, you can select the number of times the marker can be used. Selecting 1 means that when it has been used once, it will no longer be available in the list. It is fine to leave the numbers as the default 'Unlimited'; it just means that each marker will still remain once it has been used.

In the '''Dropzones''' section, decide the shape you want the selectable areas to be: circle, polygon or rectangle. Our example uses a rectangle. In each 'Marker' dropdown, choose the item you want for that area.

You will now see by your uploaded image that these names are displayed:

[[File:ddmarkersimageandwords.png]]

Drop zones may be dragged into position and resized using a mouse. Alternatively they can be defined by coordinates. Click the question mark icon next to Drop zone 1 to see how to add coordinates for your chosen shape.

Generally, you should make the drop zones a little bit too big. That is, it is better to occasionally grade an incorrect response right, than to ever grade a correct response as incorrect.

Once all the drop zones have been defined, you can save the changes and preview the question.

[[File:ddexamplepositioning1.png]]

Note: When dragging a marker, students must position the little circle top left of the marker in the centre of the area they have selected, ''not the whole marker'', as this might cause confusion and an unexpected incorrect answer.

===Using markers and drop zones more than once===
If 'Unlimited' is selected from the 'Numbers' dropdown in the '''Markers''' section, then the markers may be used more than once.

If the same coordinates must used for several markers in the '''Drop zones''' section, then more than one marker may be placed in a single area, as in the example below (1) , where students identify regions of Great Britain, the UK and the British Isles (2):

[[File:partsofGBUKBI.png|thumb|600px|center]]

===Creating polygons===
When creating a polygon drop zone it starts off as a triangle. Click on it to reveal 'handles' at each corner.

[[File:ddm_triangle.jpg|thumb|center]]

To add a new handle click on one of the existing ones while holding down the Ctrl key (Windows) or Cmd (Mac) and drag. This will create a new handle that can be dragged to change its position between the existing handles.

==Scoring and feedback==
All drop zones are weighted identically. Only drop zones that are correctly labelled gain marks. There is no negative marking of drop zones that are incorrectly labelled.

If more markers are placed on the image than there are drop-zones a penalty is applied for the extra markers. If there are n drop zones and n+m markers are placed of which p are placed correctly the score is calculated as p/(m+n).

If the question is used in 'interactive with multiple tries' style the marking is modified as follows:

*The mark is reduced for each try by the penalty factor.
*Allowance is made for when a correct choice is first chosen providing it remains chosen in subsequent tries.

'''Show the number of correct responses:''' Include in the feedback a statement of how many choices are correct.

'''State which markers are incorrectly placed:''' Include in the feedback a list of markers which are incorrectly placed.

'''Move incorrectly placed markers back to default start position below image:''' When ‘Try again’ is clicked incorrectly positioned labels are removed.

==Accessibility==
Marker questions are keyboard accessible. Use the <tab> key to move between the markers and the <arrow> keys to position the markers.

Note: This question type is not accessible to users who are visually impaired.

== See also ==
*This question type was originally developed by the UK Open University and was a contributed plugin for several years before becoming part of standard Moodle. Find more [https://moodle.org/plugins/browse.php?list=set&id=10 Open University plugins here].
* [http://www.somerandomthoughts.com/blog/2012/02/20/review-question-type-drag-and-drop-marker-for-moodle-2/ Review of this question type]
* [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Tvl4GuGvtxc Video tutorial: How to Create a Question Using the Drag and Drop with Markers Question Type]

[[Category:Questions]]

[[es:Tipo de pregunta arrastrar y soltar marcadores]]
[[de:Fragetyp Drag-and-Drop Markierungen]]
[[fr:Question_marqueurs_à_glisser-déposer]]

Drag and drop markers question type

2020-09-19T19:49:10Z

Marcusgreen: /* Using markers and drop zones more than once */

{{Questions}}

This question type allows students to drop markers onto an area on a background image. Drag and drop markers questions differ from [[Drag and drop onto image question type]] in that there are no predefined areas on the underlying image that are visible to the student.

==How to create a question==

Give the question a descriptive name to help you find it in the question bank. (Students won't see the name.) In our example, students must correctly locate regions of Australia.

Add the question to the text editor, using any formatting you wish.

In the '''Preview''' section, click the background image button to upload an image. Larger images will be displayed at a maximum 600 x 400.Your image will then display under the file upload box. Note that grid lines are visible:

[[File:dragdropmarkerimageupload.png]]

In the '''Markers''' section, add the words you want the students to drag onto the areas you select.

[[File:ddmarkerswords.png]]

In the 'Number' dropdown, you can select the number of times the marker can be used. Selecting 1 means that when it has been used once, it will no longer be available in the list. It is fine to leave the numbers as the default 'Unlimited'; it just means that each marker will still remain once it has been used.

In the '''Dropzones''' section, decide the shape you want the selectable areas to be: circle, polygon or rectangle. Our example uses a rectangle. In each 'Marker' dropdown, choose the item you want for that area.

You will now see by your uploaded image that these names are displayed:

[[File:ddmarkersimageandwords.png]]

Drop zones may be dragged into position and resized using a mouse. Alternatively they can be defined by coordinates. Click the question mark icon next to Drop zone 1 to see how to add coordinates for your chosen shape.

Generally, you should make the drop zones a little bit too big. That is, it is better to occasionally grade an incorrect response right, than to ever grade a correct response as incorrect.

Once all the drop zones have been defined, you can save the changes and preview the question.

[[File:ddexamplepositioning1.png]]

Note: When dragging a marker, students must position the little circle top left of the marker in the centre of the area they have selected, ''not the whole marker'', as this might cause confusion and an unexpected incorrect answer.

===Using markers and drop zones more than once===
If 'Unlimited' is selected from the 'Numbers' dropdown in the '''Markers''' section, then the markers may be used more than once.

If the same coordinates must used for several markers in the '''Drop zones''' section, then more than one marker may be placed in a single area, as in the example below (1) , where students identify regions of Great Britain, the UK and the British Isles (2):

[[File:partsofGBUKBI.png|thumb|600px|center]]

===Creating polygons===
When creating a polygon drop zone it starts off as a triangle. Click on it to reveal 'handles' at each corner.

[[File:ddm_triangle.jpg|thumb|center]]

To add a new handle click on one of the existing ones while holding down the Ctrl key (windows) or Cmd (Mac) and drag. This will create a new handle that can be dragged to change its position between the existing handles.

==Scoring and feedback==
All drop zones are weighted identically. Only drop zones that are correctly labelled gain marks. There is no negative marking of drop zones that are incorrectly labelled.

If more markers are placed on the image than there are drop-zones a penalty is applied for the extra markers. If there are n drop zones and n+m markers are placed of which p are placed correctly the score is calculated as p/(m+n).

If the question is used in 'interactive with multiple tries' style the marking is modified as follows:

*The mark is reduced for each try by the penalty factor.
*Allowance is made for when a correct choice is first chosen providing it remains chosen in subsequent tries.

'''Show the number of correct responses:''' Include in the feedback a statement of how many choices are correct.

'''State which markers are incorrectly placed:''' Include in the feedback a list of markers which are incorrectly placed.

'''Move incorrectly placed markers back to default start position below image:''' When ‘Try again’ is clicked incorrectly positioned labels are removed.

==Accessibility==
Marker questions are keyboard accessible. Use the <tab> key to move between the markers and the <arrow> keys to position the markers.

Note: This question type is not accessible to users who are visually impaired.

== See also ==
*This question type was originally developed by the UK Open University and was a contributed plugin for several years before becoming part of standard Moodle. Find more [https://moodle.org/plugins/browse.php?list=set&id=10 Open University plugins here].
* [http://www.somerandomthoughts.com/blog/2012/02/20/review-question-type-drag-and-drop-marker-for-moodle-2/ Review of this question type]
* [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Tvl4GuGvtxc Video tutorial: How to Create a Question Using the Drag and Drop with Markers Question Type]

[[Category:Questions]]

[[es:Tipo de pregunta arrastrar y soltar marcadores]]
[[de:Fragetyp Drag-and-Drop Markierungen]]
[[fr:Question_marqueurs_à_glisser-déposer]]

File:ddm triangle.jpg

2020-09-19T19:38:13Z

Marcusgreen: Triangle with handles that is shown when a dragdrop marker question is creating a polygon.

Triangle with handles that is shown when a dragdrop marker question is creating a polygon.

qbehaviour interactiveexplain

2020-06-25T20:48:33Z

Marcusgreen:

== Interactive with explanation question behaviour ==

This can be installed from the plugins database at
https://moodle.org/plugins/qbehaviour_interactiveexplain

The source code can be found at
https://github.com/marcusgreen/moodle-qbehaviour_interactiveexplain

This plugin is based heavily on Tim Hunts deferred feedback with explanation question behaviour.
https://moodle.org/plugins/qbehaviour_deferredfeedbackexplain

It requires that this plugin https://github.com/marcusgreen/moodle-local_qbehaviour_interactiveexplain is also installed

This behaviour is like the interactive with multiple attempts behaviour, but with an additional text box where students can give a reason why they gave the answer they did. No attempt is made to automatically grade the explanation, nor is it required. However, it may be used in various ways, for example

The teacher may want to manually edit the grades where the student gave a wrong answer, to give partial credit if the student used the right method or approach.
The student might want to explain their thinking, so that later, when the results and feedback are revealed, they are reminded of what they were thinking at the time, and so can reflect more deeply.
Note: 3rd party question behaviours do not work with the mobile app and there is no API at the moment to allow for that.

=== Appearance for students ===
[[File:interactiveexplain.png]]

=== View Feedback/Explanations ===
The explanations given can be seen by the user or teacher after quiz submission by reviewing the quiz as in this screen shot.

[[File:Interactive_With_Feedback.png]]

=== Configuration ===
This plugin has a requirement that a companion local plugin local_qbehaviour_interactiveexplainis installed to configure strings and behaviour. This can be accessed at
yourmoodle/admin/settings.php?section=local_qbehaviour_interactiveexplain

This is because question behaviour settings cannot be stored via a settings.php file in core moodle. There is a ticket to address this at some point in the future.
https://tracker.moodle.org/browse/MDL-68335

[[File:qbconfig.png]]

[[Category:Questions]]
[[es:qbehaviour interactiveexplain]]