Rubrics

2016-08-09T15:05:16Z

Css01mv: /* Define your rubric */

{{Advanced grading methods}}
'''Rubrics''' are an [[Advanced grading methods|advanced grading method]] used for criteria-based assessment. The rubric consists of a set of criteria plotted against levels of achievement. A numeric grade is assigned to each level. For each criterion, the assessor chooses the level they judge the work to have reached. The raw rubric score is calculated as a sum of all criteria grades. The final grade is calculated by comparing the actual score with the worst/best possible score that could be received.

==Enable a rubric in your assignment==
There are two ways.

The first is at the point of setting of setting up the Assignment.
#In your assignment's Settings, expand the '''Grade''' section.
#From the '''Grading method''' menu, choose Rubric.
#Note the '''Maximum grade''' setting - whatever numeric grade you assign to your criteria levels, the ultimate grade for the assignment will be recalculated as the proportion of that maximum grade.
#Save the settings; Rubric is now enabled for that particular Assignment.

The other is via the Assignment's '''Settings''' block:
#From the Assignment's summary page, in its Settings block, click '''Advanced grading'''; a new page displays a menu.
#From the '''Change active grading method to''' menu, choose '''Rubric'''; this initiates the rubric setup process.

==Define your rubric==

[[image:gradingfrom-rubric-editor.png|thumb|right|Rubric editor]]
To define a new rubric from scratch:
#Go to the '''Rubric editor''' via the '''Advanced grading''' link in the assignment's '''Settings''' block.
#Click '''Define a new rubric from scratch'''.
#Type in a brief distinctive '''Name''' and (if needed) a description.
#'''Click to edit a criterion''' and '''Click to edit level''' lets you tab through the rubric to type a description and assign points to each level.
#Describe further criteria and levels as appropriate.
#Set '''Rubric options'''.
#Finally save the rubric definition by clicking '''Save rubric and make it ready''' or '''Save as draft'''. These set the form definition status respectively as described at the [[Advanced grading methods]] page.
{{Note|
*Unless there is a good reason not to, enable '''Allow users to preview rubric''' so that they know in advance the standards by which they will be judged. Enabling '''Remarks''' allows assessors to make constructive suggestions.
*Moodle does require numeric points, but if you want to use your rubric to give feedback without a numeric grade it is possible to hide these from students, and hide the final calculated grade from students.
*You can modify the weight of any criterion by setting the value of the points assigned to its levels. If there is one criterion with levels 0, 1, 2, 3 and the second one with levels 0, 2, 4, 6 then the latter's impact on the final grade is twice as much as the former's.
*You can use the Tab key to jump to the next level/criteria and even to add new criteria.}}

== Using the rubric ==

[[image:gradingfrom-rubric-usage.png|thumb|right|Filling the rubric to assess a submission in the Assignment module]]

When teachers use the rubric to assess some student's work, they select the level describing the student's performance best for each criterion. Currently selected levels are highlighted in light green. If the rubric filling is re-edited later, the previously selected level is highlighted in light red. A level must be selected for each criterion, otherwise the rubric is not validated by the server as the final grade can't be calculated.

If the form definition allows it, an optional remark can be filled for each criterion providing a detailed feedback/explanation of the assessment.

== Grade calculation ==

The rubric normalized score (ie basically a percentage grade) is calculated as

: <math>G_s = \frac{\sum_{i=1}^N (g_i - min_i) }{\sum_{i=1}^N (max_i - min_i)}</math>
: where <math>g_i \in \mathbb{N}</math> is the number of points given to the i-th criterion, <math>min_i \in \mathbb{N}</math> is the minimal possible number of points for of the i-th criterion, <math>max_i \in \mathbb{N}</math> is the maximal possible number of points for the i-th criterion and <math>N \in \mathbb{N} </math> is the number of criteria in the rubric.

Example of a single criterion can be: ''Overall quality of the paper'' with the levels ''5 - An excellent paper'', ''3 - A mediocre paper'', ''0 - A weak paper'' (the number represent the number of points).

''Example:'' let us have an assessment form with two criteria, which both have four levels 1, 2, 3, 4. The teacher chooses level with 2 points for the first criterion and 3 points for the second criterion. Then the normalized score is:

: <math>G_s = \frac{(2 - 1) + (3 - 1)}{(4 - 1) + (4 - 1)} = \frac{3}{6} = 50 %</math>

Note that this calculation may be different from how you intuitively use rubric. For example, when the teacher in the previous example chose both levels with 1 point, the plain sum would be 2 points. But that is actually the lowest possible score so it maps to the grade 0 in Moodle.

TIP: '''To avoid confusion from this sort of thing, we recommend including a level with 0 points in every rubric criterion.'''

A student's score is calculated by subtracting the minimum score available on the rubric from the student's actual score achieved on the rubric, and dividing the resulting answer by the difference between the maximum and minimum score available"

==How students access the rubric==

{|
|[[image:rubricbeforesubmission.png|thumb|How students view a rubric]]
|}

When students click on an assignment which has a rubric attached to it, they will see the rubric as part of the information about their assignment. Thus, they can see the rubric before they submit.

==How teachers access the rubric==
Teachers will see the rubric when they click 'View/grade all submissions' and access the work of a particular student. They don't by default see the rubric on the grading page before grading. If you wish to allow teachers to see the rubric, then the site administrator must set the capability [[Capabilities/mod/assign:submit|mod/assign:submit]] to 'Allow' for the editing teacher role in that assignment (or sitewide if really necessary). '''NOTE:''' This then has the side effect of the teacher appearing in the gradebook.

==FAQ==
===Where do you go to edit a rubric?===
To edit a rubric go to
''Administration > Assignment Administration > Advanced grading > Define Rubric''.
Select 'Rubric' from Change active grading method to drop down menu.
You can see your created rubric with three options above Edit the current form definition, Delete the currently defined form, Publish the form as a new template. Click "Edit the current form definition" to edit your predefined rubric form.
===Can you copy rows of the rubric?===

A 'duplicate' button allows you to quickly make a copy of a row:

[[File:duplicaterubricrow.png|thumb|600px|center]]

===How do you choose another rubric for an assignment?===
From ''Administration>Assignment administration>Advanced grading'' access your rubric and delete it. The see #5 in [[Advanced grading methods]]

===Why are total grades coming out strange?===
It's likely that the lowest total grade in your rubric is not zero. In this case your rubric grades from RUBRIC MIN to RUBRIC MAX are being converted to the assignment grades of ZERO to ASSIGNMENT MAX, which is probably what you don't want. To fix this, just make sure you have a ZERO level in each of your rubric criteria (even if you never use them).

==See also==

* [http://school.demo.moodle.net/grade/grading/form/rubric/preview.php?areaid=33 School demo example of student view of rubric] (Log in as username '''student'''/password '''moodle''')
* [http://school.demo.moodle.net/mod/assign/view.php?id=205&rownum=1&action=grade School demo example of teacher view of rubric in student assignment] (Log in as username '''teacher'''/password '''moodle''')
*[http://youtu.be/KXavtUhDINA A first look at rubrics] Screencast
* [[Advanced grading methods]] page for general concepts of advanced grading in Moodle
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubric_(academic) Rubric description] at Wikipedia
* [http://school.discoveryeducation.com/schrockguide/assess.html Examples of Assessment Rubrics] at Kathy Schrock's Guide for Educators
* http://rubistar.4teachers.org/ - a free tool to help teachers create quality rubrics
* [https://digiteacher.wordpress.com/2014/11/20/my-teacher-is-a-zombie-marking-by-rubric-on-moodle/ My Teacher is a Zombie – Marking by Rubric on Moodle] Using an electronic rubric frees up the time to ...

[[de:Rubriken]]
[[es:Rúbricas]]

2016-08-08T16:43:08Z

Css01mv: Added section on offline marking with bulk upload of grades and feedback

{{Assignment}}

==What options are there for submitting work in Moodle?==
The standard ways students can submit assignments are:
* File submissions (students submit a file for assessment)
* Online text (students can type their responses directly in Moodle)
* Submission comments
{{Note|(1) It is also possible to use the assignment module for grading an "offline assignment", ie, one where work is done outside of Moodle. This is done by simply unchecking the above three options.}}

{{Note|(2) If you're not sure which assignment type best suits your needs, look at the section below [[#Which submission type suits you best?]].}}

==How do students submit their assignments?==
The first page students will see when they click on the assignment activity link from the course page will display the assignment name, description and the submission status. The first time a student views the assignment it will look like this:
{|
|[[Image:statuses.jpg|thumb|Student view of assignment]]
|}
The submission status section includes:
*'''Submission status'''
*'''Grading status'''
*Due date
*Time remaining
*Last modified
*Submission details

As they progress through the assignment the Submission status and Grading status will update and the Last modified date will appear.
{|
|[[Image:submission statuses graded.jpg|thumb|Example of submitted and graded assignment]]
|}

If the student uploaded a file which the teacher has annotated, this will be made available in the feedback section. The student can search through the document and filter specific comments.
{|
|[[File:26pdfstudentgraded.png|thumb|Student view of graded pdf file]]
|[[File:26searchcomments.png|thumb|Searching and filtering comments in annotated pdf]]
|}
Submission statuses include:

*Nothing submitted for this assignment
*Draft (not submitted)
*Submitted for grading

Grading statuses include:

*Not graded
*Graded

===File submission===
To submit a file submission, students complete the following steps:

# Click the ‘Add submission’ button to bring up the file upload page.
# Upload the relevant file into the submission. They are able to ‘drag and drop’ the file into the submission box.
# Click ‘Save Changes’.

There should now be a Last modified date and the file(s) uploaded will also be displayed. Depending on how the assignment is setup the status will either read ‘Submitted for grading’ - in which case no further action is need, or ‘Draft (not submitted)’.

# If changes are required, click on ‘Edit my submission’.
# Once ready to submit, click ‘Submit assignment’.

Note that once the assignment is 'submitted’ no further changes are allowed.

{|
|[[File:file upload.jpg|thumb|Student view when adding a submission]]
|[[File:file uploaded.jpg|thumb|Student view once file is uploaded]]
|[[File:submit button.jpg|thumb|Student view when submitting assignment]]
|}
Note: Depending on how the assignment is setup students may see '''both''' a file submission page and an online text editor.

===Online text===
To submit online text, students complete the following steps:

# Click the ‘Add submission’ button to bring up the online text editor page.
# Type the relevant text into the [[Text_editor|text editor]], or paste from a previously written file.
# Click ‘Save Changes’.

There should now be a Last modified date and the first 100 characters entered will also be displayed. Depending on how the assignment is setup the status will either read ‘Submitted for grading’ - in which case no further action is need, or ‘Draft (not submitted)’.

# If changes are required, click on ‘Edit my submission’.
# Once ready to submit, click ‘Submit assignment’.

Note that once the assignment is 'submitted’ no further changes are allowed.

{|
|[[File:online text entered.jpg|thumb|Online text entered]]
|[[File:submit button online text.jpg|thumb|Submitting assignment]]
|}

===Submission comments===
Depending on how the assignment has been setup, there may be a section where students can leave submission comments.
{|
|[[Image:student comments.jpg|thumb|Student comments]]
|}

==How do teachers grade submitted assignments?==
When students have submitted their assignments, they can be accessed by clicking on the assignment activity. This will bring up the Grading Summary page.

The Grading Summary page displays a summary of the assignment, including; number of participants, number of drafts, number of submitted assignments, due date and time remaining.

Clicking 'Grade' will take you to the first student in the list so you can start grading individually. Clicking 'View all submissions' will take you to the grading table where you see all students.

The Grading Table contains columns of information about the student, the status of their submission, a link to grade their submission, a link to each submission and feedback comments and files (if enabled).
===Filtering submissions===

A dropdown menu accessed from the 'Options' section allows you to filter submissions so you can for example quickly see which students have not submitted yet.

[[File:assignmentfilter.png]]

===Submission status===
If you will be assigning grades to student work, you may want to take note of the submission status before you begin the marking process. If you have required students click the Submit button, you may find that some submissions are still marked as Draft (not submitted), meaning the student has either uploaded a file(s) or entered some text, but has not clicked ‘Submit assignment’.

If it's after the due date and you are about to commencing marking that you use ‘Prevent submission changes’ to stop students from making changes to their assignment. You can do this one by one by using the icon in the Edit column.

Or you can select two or more students by putting a tick in the select column and going to 'Lock submissions’ from the ''With selected'' menu under the grading table.

Likewise you can also revert a student's submission to draft if they have uploaded the incorrect file. Instead of selecting ‘Prevent submission changes’ select ‘Revert the submission to draft’, or place ticks against selected students and choose 'Revert the submission to draft status' from the ''With selected'' menu under the grading table.

{|
|[[File:submission statuses.jpg|thumb|Submission statuses]]
|[[File:prevent submission changes dropdown.jpg|thumb|Prevent submission changes dropdown]]
|[[File:lock submissions.jpg|thumb|Lock submissions]]
|[[File:revert to draft.jpg|thumb|Revert to draft]]
|[[File:revert submission to draft status.jpg|thumb|Revert to draft status]]
|}

If the submission setting 'Attempts reopened' is set to 'Automatically until pass' and a submission is graded below the grade to pass, then then submission is automatically unlocked when the grade is saved. Similarly, if the submission setting 'Attempts reopened' is set to Manually, and a teacher selects 'Allow another attempt, then the submission is automatically unlocked. (Prior to 3.0.3, the submission need to be manually unlocked.)

===Granting extensions===
If an assignment has a deadline, a teacher can grant individual or group assignment extensions by selecting the Edit link next to a particular student or group....

[[File:grantextension0.png|thumb|center|600px]]

... and then clicking 'Grant extension' and setting the new deadline.

''New in 3.1:'' The student's or group's name is also shown on this screen.

[[File:grantextension.png||thumb|center|600px]]

===Quick grading===

'''Quick grading''' allows you to enter numeric grades directly into the grading table, bypassing the more detailed grading interface. Please note:
*if you want to give feedback, you need to use the more detailed Grade interface.
*Quick grading is incompatible with advanced grading e.g. Rubrics, and is not recommended when there are multiple markers.
*'''Submission comments''' are a two-way private conversation between a student and staff and are visible to students immediately i.e. markers use the grading interface to give feedback, not the submission comments.

To access the Quick Grading interface, from the Grading Summary page click 'View all assignments'; the Grading Table displays. Scroll to bottom of the page to configure Options, and check the box for 'Quick grading'. While you're down there, you can also set the number of assignments to display per page, filter the assignments e.g. to see who has not submitted, unmarked assignments, etc.

When you are ready to Quick Grade:

#You can enter grades directly into the grading table.
#Scroll to the bottom of the grading table and click 'Save all quick grading changes'
#A confirmation displays.

===Student grading page===
If you have enabled File Feedback in the [[Assignment settings]] and wish to upload either the marked student assignment, a completed text based feedback document or audio feedback, click on the green tick in the Grade column (or use the icon in the Edit column and select Grade).

Here you can enter grades, feedback comments and feedback files (if enabled in the [[Assignment settings]]). You can use drag and drop to upload feedback files.

{|
|[[File:green tick.jpg|thumb|Green tick]]
|[[File:grade.jpg|thumb|Grading]]
|[[File:feedbackfiles.png|thumb|Feedback files]]
|}

====Annotating submissions====
{{New features}}

If the student has uploaded a PDF, docx or odt file, or if you set 'Comment inline' for an online text submission, then their submission will be displayed on the grading screen, allowing you to annotate it, using a variety of tools, stamps (if uploaded by the admin) and comments which may be saved to a comments bank. When the annotations are complete, clicking to save the changes will result in it being displayed to the student as part of their feedback.
''

[[File:Annotatingsubmissions1.png|thumb|500px|center|Annotating a student's submission]]

Comments may be added and then saved in a quick list for future use ''(1)'' Click the paper/magnifying glass icon to the right of the page selector to search previously saved comments ''(2)''
{|
|[[File:NFaddcomment.png|thumb|400px|1.Saving and re-using comments]]
|[[File:NFcommentsearch.png|thumb|400px|2. Accessing comments]]
|}

{{Note|To ensure that comments display to students as the marker intends, do instruct students to download the annotated PDF rather than just previewing it. Preview sometimes displays comments in a way which obscures the original text.}}

{{Note|If you are unable to annotate student submissions, check with your administrator that [[http://www.ghostscript.com/ Ghostscript ] and [https://github.com/dagwieers/unoconv unoconv 07]] are installed.}}

===Controlling when to notify students of graded work===

If you need to notify individual students, one by one, as you mark, the '''Notify students''' checkbox is available when grading individual submissions. Choose Yes to notify the student immediately or No to grade without notifying the student. Assuming you are not hiding grades in the ways outlined below, then Moodle will send a notification.
{{Note|How students receive Moodle notifications depends on your local default settings, and any changes students have made to those.}}

[[File:notifystudents.png|center|thumb|500px]]

Or if you need to keep your grades and feedback hidden from students until marking is finalised, and then release them to all students at the same time, there are two alternatives.

The first is to hide the item in the Gradebook. This way is best if there is only one marker and no exceptional circumstances (i.e. you don't need to keep any students' marks hidden). Use it as follows:
#In your Moodle course '''Settings''', click on '''Grades'''; the Grades page displays.
#Click '''View''', then '''Grader report'''; a grid of participants and gradeable items displays.
#Find the column for the assignment ('''Grade item''') whose grades you wish to hide, and click its Eye/Hide icon; the Eye icon displays with a strikethrough which means the grades are hidden from students.
#To reveal the grades to students, you can either:
##Remind yourself to return here and click the Eye/Show icon again; when it displays without the strikethrough the grades will be shown to students. With this option you need to remember to change the setting at the time.
##Or if you prefer to set a time for the grades to be automatically revealed, click on the Cog/Edit icon to display settings for that grade item, then click the '''Show more''' link to display extra settings. For '''Hidden until''' click its checkbox and configure its date. With this option you need to get your marking done on time (or remember to come in and change the date to give yourself more time).
#To notify students that marks and feedback are available, use e.g. the Announcements forum.
{{Note|If you use this approach do communicate with any colleagues and remember to reveal the grades ultimately, since if grades remain hidden they can confuse the final grade calculations.}}

The alternative approach to releasing marks to all students at the same time is to enable '''Use marking workflow''' in the Assignment's settings. This way is best where there are multiple markers and/or exceptional circumstances causing you to withhold some marks. Use it as follows:
#Set up your assignment with Marking Workflow enabled (avoid enabling it after marking has started).
#When ready to release marks, click on a link to your Assignment and from its summary page click '''View all submissions'''; a page with the Grading Table displays.
#Scroll down to Options and ensure '''Quick grading''' is enabled by clicking its checkbox; the page reloads with some extra options.
#Also in Options, configure '''Assignments per page''' to display all your assignments, or as many as possible.
#Scroll back up again and click the checkbox in the column heading '''Select'''; all records display selected (and you can deselect any individual records you may need to keep hidden).
#From the '''With selected...''' menu choose '''Set marking workflow state''', then click '''Go''', and confirm if prompted; the Marking workflow state menu displays on a page.
#From the '''Marking workflow state''' menu, choose '''Released'''.
#To have Moodle send students a notification that grades and feedback are available, set '''Notify students''' to Yes.
#Finally '''Save changes'''.

===Offline marking - bulk downloading with bulk upload of grades and feedback files===
If you don't have an internet connection or prefer to grade outside Moodle, you can do so (including with anonymous submissions).
These easy stages explained below:
#Download the submitted work.
#Download the spreadsheet (grading worksheet) to record grades.
#Grade and annotate (if applicable) the submitted work .
#Upload the completed grading worksheet.
#Upload the annotated submissions (if applicable).
{{Note|You cannot upload marks and feedback to Moodle if you have enabled Rubrics or Marking Guides.}}

====Before you start, enable the bulk upload settings====
Go to the settings of that assignment.
For Feedback types, ensure that the Moodle Assignment settings, Feedback comments, Feedback files, and Offline grading worksheet are ticked.

====Download the submitted work====
#Click on the assignment name on the Moodle course homepage to access the summary page and click View all submissions; a page with the Grading Table displays.
#From the Grading action drop-down menu choose Download all submissions; save the zip file (i.e. the compressed and bundled submissions).
#In your file management software go to the place you saved the zip file.
#Extract the contents of the zip file, usually by double-clicking and following the prompts. Extract to a new folder so all the feedback files can easily be zipped back together later if you need to upload them with feedback.

====Download the spreadsheet to record grades ====
#Next, to download the spreadsheet in which you'll enter the grades and brief comments, return to the Moodle Assignment page and from its Grading action drop-down menu choose Download grading worksheet and save that file (keep its csv file format).
{{Note|Helpfully that downloaded worksheet will contain any existing grades and summary comments which have already been given for that assignment i.e. if marking has already started. However, to see pre-existing comments fully you may need to set your spreadsheet to 'wrap text' within cells.}}

====Grade and annotate (if applicable) the submitted work====
After downloading the submissions and the grading worksheet:
#Open a downloaded assignment file to assess it.
#Open the csv file in a spreadsheet editor e.g. Excel.
#For that student's record (if anonymous, a number corresponding to the submission file name will display), enter grades in the Grade column and summary comments in the Feedback comments column for each student.
#Leave the other data untouched unless you know exactly what you're doing.
#Repeat as needed.
#Save the csv file.
{{Note|Take care to enter data in the correct column of the spreadsheet.}}
If you are annotating the submissions to return to students as feedback:
#Open a downloaded submission.
#Carry out your annotations.
#Save it in its original place i.e. the folder corresponding to that student.
#Repeat as needed.
If you have separate feedback files to upload to students:
#Save these within that student's folder.

====Upload the completed grading worksheet====
When you are ready to upload grades and summary feedback:
#Click on the assignment name on the Moodle course homepage to access the summary page and click View/grade all submissions.
#From the Grading action drop-down menu choose: Upload grading worksheet
#Click Choose a file... and upload the grading worksheet to Moodle, or drag the csv file to the arrow and wait for the file name to appear in the box.
#There is a checkbox to overwrite records that have been modified more recently in Moodle than in the spreadsheet - only check this if you want to spreadsheet to overwrite all Moodle records, including ones made more recently than the spreadsheet.
#Click Upload grading worksheet; a Confirmation box displays the students grades and feedback that will be imported - check this carefully.
#If you are happy to proceed, click Confirm; a summary of updates displays.
#Click Continue.
====Upload feedback files (if applicable)====
(To come.)

===Downloading student submissions===
You can download a zip file containing all of the assignment submissions by selecting the ‘Download all submissions’ options from the ''Choose'' menu at the top of the grading table, or in the settings menu. The files will have a Moodle unique identifier appended to the name, not your institutional student ID number.

File submissions will be downloaded in the format uploaded by the student. Online text submissions will be downloaded as html files. '''Each file in the zip will include the student first and lastname at the beginning of the filename for identification purposes.'''

{{New features}}You can also download selected assignment submissions (rather than all of them) by selecting the ones you want and then choosing 'With selected....Download selected submissions'.

[[File:downloadselectedsubmissions.png]]

==Which type of assignment submission suits you best?==

===You want students to type shorter or longer responses directly online===

*Set ''Online text'' to Yes. This works well for younger children who will only manage a sentence or two and works just as well for higher education students who write more.
**Advantage - quick for the student to get started; no need to use a word-processing program and upload the file. The text is saved on a regular basis so it will be preserved if the student loses the page for some reason.
**Disadvantage: if the word count is expected to be large, setting ''Online text'' to No and ''File submission'' to Yes might be a better option.

===You want students to submit work you can download in a specified program===

*Set ''File submission'' to Yes, set the number of files you will allow using the ''Maximum number of uploaded files'' setting and the file sizes by using the '' Maximum submission size'' setting.
**Advantage - better than students emailing work as the whole class's work is collated in one space on your course. Markers can provide comments directly on the student work.
**Advantage - with "Attempts reopened" enabled, teachers can see the progression through various drafts of a student's work.
**Disadvantage - assignments must downloaded to be viewed (but they can be [[Assignment_FAQ| downloaded in bulk]]) and the teacher needs the appropriate program to open them.

===You want students to submit files at different times for a project===

*Set ''File submission'' to Yes, and use ''Maximum number of uploaded files'' to set the maximum number of separate files they can upload
**Advantage - all project files are in one assignment area for grading so they get a single grade.
**Disadvantage - all project files are in one assignment area for grading - so they can only have a single grade!

===You want students to write a response to a video/sound file/image===

*Set up an assignment allowing ''online text'' submission and get students to use the Moodle media icon to add video/sound/image files.

===You want students to answer a series of questions on a video/sound file/image===
*Investigate the [[Quiz]] module. Assignments are really just for a single question.

===You want to grade work students have done offline===
*Uncheck the submission types when setting up the assignment. Students won't be required to do anything but you can use the assignment to grade them for work done outside of Moodle.

===You want to view, comment on and send back students' assignments===

*Set up an assignment allowing ''file submissions''.
**Advantage: useful for teachers who like using the "comment" options in word-processing programs for example. If you have Ghostscript enabled on your server and the students upload PDF files, you can annotate them inline. See the section [[Using Assignment#Annotating PDF files| Annotating PDF files]] below.
**Disadvantage: if students upload other file types, you have to download them, comment and then re-upload them.

===You want students to send you a comment or note along with their uploaded work===

*Although previous versions of Moodle allowed the ''Submission comments'' submission plugin to be toggled, this is no longer the case. If [[Comments#Enabling_comments|comments are enabled site-wide]], students will be able to add submission comments; if comments are disabled site-wide, students will not be given the option to add submission comments.

===You want to allow students to redraft and decide when to submit the work===

*In the settings set ''Require students click submit button'' to Yes. Students can then control when their draft work is submitted to the teacher.

===You want students to keep an ongoing journal or do an iterative assignment===

*In the settings set ''Require students click submit button'' to No. Students can continue to make changes to their assignment and at no point do they 'submit'. If the work will be graded at some point it is recommended that either ''Prevent late submissions'' is set to Yes to ensure that no changes can be made after the due date, or [[Using_Assignment#Submission_status| all submissions are locked]] when grading commences to ensure that the work is not altered during grading.
**Advantage: the work remains in one place and is constantly improved, graded (if needed) and improved again.
**Disadvantage: there is no record/history of previous attempts (such as with the [[Wiki]]). The online text assignment does not replicate the display of a journal or blog where each new entry is additional to the previous ones.

===You want students to submit work in groups===

*In the settings, set "Students submit in groups" to Yes. If you just do this, then once one student has submitted, the assignment will be flagged as submitted even if the others haven't contributed. If you want to ensure everyone has an input, set "Require students click submit button" to Yes and then change "Require all group members to submit" to Yes. The assignment will only be classed as submitted when each member has contributed, and once one student has submitted, the remaining members's names will be displayed for the group to see who still needs to add their input.

===You want to grade students' work anonymously===
*In the settings, choose "Blind marking". When students submit assignments, their names will be replaced by randomly-generated participant numbers so you will not know who is who. Note that this is not '''totally''' blind marking because you can reveal their identities in the assignment settings and you can work out identities from the logs - so this might not be suitable if your establishment has very precise privacy requirements.

===You want to read and grade student assignments offline===
*In the settings, choose "Offline grading worksheet". When students have submitted, click "View/grade all submissions" and you can download their assignments from the link "Download all submissions" and download the grading sheet from the link "Download grading worksheet". You can then edit grades and re-upload the grading worksheet. You can also upload multiple feedback files in a zip from this drop down menu. See [[Assignment settings]] for an explanation of how to use the "upload multiple feedback files as zip" feature.

===You want to hide students' grades until a time of your choosing.===
Use 'marking workflow' as explained in [[Assignment settings]]

===You want to moderate other colleagues' marking or allocate certain teachers to certain students===
Use 'marking allocation' as explained in [[Assignment settings]]

==Keeping records (archiving, exporting, backing up)==
When students unenrol from a Moodle area, their records become invisible through the Gradebook interface. In order to have the information to hand, departments or course teaching teams may need systems in place to keep their own records for the data retention period required in their particular context. There are two separate procedures for exporting student submissions and marks.

To export marks (with or without feedback):
#Go to your course administration block and click Grades.
#From the Grader Report Settings block, select Export; a menu displays.
#From the menu, if you need easy viewing and running calculations you probably want to select one of the spreadsheet formats; a page of export settings loads
#Use the Visible Groups pulldown menu to limit the export to specific groups, as required
#In Options, you indicate whether feedback comments are included
#In Grade Items To Be Included lists you can, if required, omit particular Activities from the report
#When you've finished with the settings, click on Submit; a preview of your export displays
#Click on Download to export to the format you chose, and save the file.

To download the original student submissions:
#In your course area, click the link to the Assignment whose submissions you want to download.
#Click on the link to View/Grade all submissions; the Grading Table will load.
#Click the link to 'Download all submissions' and save the file.
==Tips and Tricks==
* Want to use an Assignment activity again in another Moodle site? Use the [[Activity_backup| backup and restore]] options.
*Want to use an Assignment activity in another course you teach? Use the [[Import_course_data| Import function]] in the course administration block.
*Moodle will sometimes appear not to be uploading a resubmitted assignment - you seem to be downloading the original assignment. This is a cache issue, in short, go to ''"Tools > Clear Recent History"'' in Firefox or ''"Tools > Delete Browsing History > Delete Temporary Files"'' in Windows Explorer. The newer file will then appear.

==See also==

===Examples from [http://school.demo.net School demo site]===

* [http://school.demo.moodle.net/mod/assign/view.php?id=573&rownum=3&action=grade Teacher view of a PDF assignment which can be annotated inline.]Log in with username 'teacher' and password 'moodle'
* [http://school.demo.moodle.net/mod/assign/view.php?id=573&action=grading Teacher view of allocated markers and marking workflow status.] Log in with username 'teacher' and password 'moodle'
* [http://school.demo.moodle.net/mod/assign/view.php?id=190 Student view of an assignment.] Log in with username 'student' and password 'moodle'. Scroll down to see the rubric and feedback.
* [http://school.demo.moodle.net/mod/assign/view.php?id=46&action=editsubmission Student view of a student submission statement] Log in with username 'student' and password 'moodle'
* [http://school.demo.moodle.net/mod/assign/view.php?id=715 Student view of group assignment grading screen] Log in with username 'student' and password 'moodle'
* [http://school.demo.moodle.net/mod/assign/view.php?id=715&action=grading Teacher view of a group assignment grading screen] Log in with username 'teacher' and password 'moodle'.
* [http://school.demo.moodle.net/mod/assign/view.php?id=191&action=grading Teacher view of blind marking grading screen] Log in with username 'teacher' and password 'moodle'

===Other===
* [http://www.somerandomthoughts.com/blog/2013/07/07/one-approach-for-group-project-grading/ One approach to group project grading] blog post by Gavin Henrick
* [http://moodle.org/mod/forum/discuss.php?d=201307 Advantages of using Assignment upload over emailing a document] forum discussion

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