Using XMLDB
Note: This page is a work in progress. It is intended to help developers of third-party modules, and other plugins, to help them switch to XMLDB.
What is XMLDB and how can it help you
XMLDB stores the database definition in an XML format that can be used to install Moodle on any database. This is used everywhere in Moodle, and all plugins should use this as well to define their databases.
Previously, some time before 2010, there was a different way to define databases which required making different specifications for each kind of database that Moodle supports. For example, mysql.php, mysql.sql, etc. That approach is deprecated.
Getting started
The XMLDB database definition is stored in the file db/install.xml. You can use a built-in XMLDB editor to create or edit any install.xml files. If you're using MySQL as your default database schemes. XMLDB editor's powerful tools allowing retrofit MySQL table to XMLDB format.
The XMLDB editor is located in administration block, go to Miscellaneous > XMLDB editor. Find your module name. Initially you won't be able to click on Create link and also can't edit your module (If the Create link is clickable you can skip this step). Since you must make your module folder has write permission first (And if you haven't created db/ folder in your module folder yet, create it now). In Linux operating system, chmod your /db folder to 777 solves this. Now you're ready to create your module's XMLDB files.
Note that XMLDB editor is not a tool for creating your module, though it can help you with the database. It is a tool to manage XMLDB database file (think about phpmyadmin manages SQL database). You can create tables/fields/keys/indexes or export your existing MySQL tables to XMLDB.
Another XMLDB's advantage is you can create table comments as you want. To describe it to other developer.
XMLDB editor is really easy to work with. We strongly recommend you to play with it for a while and read XMLDB editor and about XMLDB structure XMLDB defining an XML structure.
Create install.xml
If you never create install.xml before (your db/ doesn't have install.xml), click Create first. install.xml will store your database info for this module.
Start editing
To start editing install.xml, click Load and then Edit. You need to do this every time before editing any XMLDB file. If this is your first time, there is a default table named like your module stored.
Create new table
- Go to New Table.
- Enter table name and comment, click change.
Add field in table
- Click Edit on your desired table.
- Click New Field, You can now edit field information like name, comment, type, length, etc. See XMLDB column types for XMLDB column type comparing with other database system.
- When you're done, click Change.
Retrofit MySQL table to XMLDB
XMLDB editor can retrofit MySQL table to XMLDB. In other word, it can create XMLDB table from existing SQL. This is useful if your module database already using MySQL. First, your module has to be installed. Then follow these steps:
- Click New Table from MySQL
- In Create Table box, choose your table from MySQL database. In After Table choose where would you like to add this table to (It doesn't matter, just for arrangement). Click Create.
- Do it again until every table added, you are done!
Note: Table name must contains only lowercase character, number, underscore and length must not exceed 53 characters (28 before Moodle 4.3). More info here: XMLDB defining an XML structure
Other operation
It's intuitive once you use it. There are visible links for editing, moving up or down and deleting.
