Moodle XML format

A word about validity

The XML parser assumes that the XML file is valid. If it is not you are very likely to get unexpected errors. If you are handcoding the XML file it is strongly recommended that you pass it through some sort of XML verifier before importing into Moodle. Note particularly that embedded HTML fragments should be within CDATA sections.

Overall structure of XML file

The file is enclosed by tags as follows.

<?xml version=1.0?>
<quiz>
.
.
.
</quiz>

Within the <quiz> tags are any number of <question> tags. One of these <question> tags can be a dummy question with a category type to specify a category for the import/export.

The file must be encoded in UTF8

Moodle XML import and export are balanced in functionality, so if you need to understand the format you can simply create some questions and export them to see what it looks like.

Tags common to all question types

A question is written as follows.

<question type="multichoice|truefalse|shortanswer|match|cloze|essay|numerical|description">
    <questiontext format="html">
        <text>What is the answer to this question?</text>
    </questiontext>
    .
    .
    .
</question>

"Format" selects the Formatting options for the question text. The options are moodle_auto_format (the default), html, plain_text and markdown. The choice effects the way in which the text will be displayed.

Further tags, which usually include at least one <answer> tag, follow in the space marked with dots as child nodes to the <question> tag. The response-related tags are listed further down on this page. Various (optional?) tags are possible.

• penalty
• generalfeedback
• defaultgrade
• hidden

The <image> tag contains the url of any included image. Nested within the <image> tag may be an <image_base64> tag which contains the actual image data encoded in base64 [1].

In the following question type examples the common parts of the question are not shown to improve clarity. It's a good idea to export some examples yourself to see a full example.

Multiple choice

MC questions have one <answer> tag for each choice. Each choice can carry feedback and score weighting (by using the fraction attribute). In addition, an MC question has the following tags:

• single (values: true/false)
• shuffleanswers (values: 1/0)
• correctfeedback
• partiallycorrectfeedback
• incorrectfeedback
• answernumbering (allowed values: 'abc', 'ABC' or '123')

The <single> tag is used to distinguish single response (radio button) and multiple response (checkbox) variants.

<question type="multichoice">
<answer fraction="100">
    <text>The correct answer</text>
   <feedback><text>Correct!</text></feedback>
</answer>
<answer fraction="0">
    <text>A distractor</text>
   <feedback><text>Ooops!</text></feedback>
</answer>
<answer fraction="0">
    <text>Another distractor</text>
   <feedback><text>Ooops!</text></feedback>
</answer>
<shuffleanswers>1</shuffleanswers>
<single>true</single>
<answernumbering>abc</answernumbering>

True/false

Two answer tags are given, one which is true, and one which is false. The fraction attribute of the answer tag identifies which option is correct (100) and which is false (0). Feedback is supported. The following example shows the format when true is the correct answer and false is wrong.

<question type="truefalse">
<answer fraction="100">
   <text>true</text>
   <feedback><text>Correct!</text></feedback>
</answer>
<answer fraction=0>
   <text>false</text>
   <feedback><text>Ooops!</text></feedback>
</answer>

Short answer

The short answer question type supports alternative correct responses, each with its own weighting and feedback. The Moodle XML format uses one <answer> tag for each of the alternative correct answers.

The <usecase> tag toggles case-sensitivity with the values 1/0.

<question type="shortanswer">
<answer fraction="100">
    <text>The correct answer</text>
    <feedback><text>Correct!</text></feedback>
</answer>

<question type="shortanswer">
<answer fraction="100">
    <text>The correct answer</text>
    <feedback><text>Correct!</text></feedback>
</answer>
<answer fraction="100">
    <text>An alternative answer</text>
    <feedback><text>Correct!</text></feedback>
</answer>

Numerical response

The following is a simplified version of the Moodle XML format for numerical responses.

<question type="numerical">
<answer fraction="100">
    <text>23</text>
    <feedback><text>Feedback</text></feedback>
</answer>

Moodle also supports a <tolerance> tag (how accurate must the number be?) and one or more <unit> tags. Unit tags have names and multipliers. E.g. if the main answer is in kilometres, an additional answer could be the equivalent in metres with a multiplier of 1000.

Note: prior to 1.7.2 the fraction was expressed as a value between 0 and 1 in a <fraction> element and the answer value was not enclosed in <text> tags. This format of the numerical question type is deprecated but will still be correctly imported if found (for now).

Matching

Pair matching responses use the <shuffleanswers> tag to determine whether the order of the items should be randomized. Each pair is contained inside a <subquestion> tag. The first item of each pair is contained with a <text> tag, while the second has an <answer> tag around it as well. Feedback and score weighting is not supported by Moodle for this response type.

<question type="match">
<subquestion>
    <text>This is the 1st item in the 1st pair.</text>
    <answer>
        <text>This is the 2nd item in the 1st pair.</text>
    </answer>
</subquestion>
<subquestion>
    <text>This is the 1st item in the 2nd pair.</text>
    <answer>
        <text>This is the 2nd item in the 2nd pair.</text>
    </answer>
</subquestion>
<shuffleanswers>true</shuffleanswers>

Essay

An example of the essay type question...

 <question type="essay">
   <answer fraction="0">
       <text></text>
   </answer>
 </question>

There isn't an answer and there isn't a grade in this case.

Note: prior to 1.7.2 the fraction was expressed as a value between 0 and 1 in a <fraction> element and the answer value was not enclosed in <text> tags. This format of the essay question type is deprecated but will still be correctly imported if found (for now).

Other question types

Cloze

It is supported, and depends on a special format for the <questiontext> tag.

Description response type

This response type has no further tags other than those contained in the question header (such as <questiontext>).

Random matching

Moodle has a question type which consists of taking short answer questions in the same quiz and displaying them as a pair matching exercise. However Moodle is neither able to export nor import this question type.

See also

• Export questions