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'''Note for Contributors'''
{{Lesson}}
This page should explain what can be seen on the <u>moodlesite.com/mod/lesson/view.php</u> page
This page outlines how students and teachers interact with Moodle lessons once they have been created. For details on how to set up and then organise a lesson, see [[Lesson settings]] and [[Building Lesson]]
(the page where the teacher views the lesson)


The normal teacher view of a lesson shows all the text in the lesson and can be quite a long page. For a much more compact view of the lesson just press one of the "Move Page" links. That lists just the page titles and gives a useful view to check the structure of the lesson. Note that the page you click on is not shown in the list .


== What the student sees ==
*A student clicking on a Lesson will see an introductory page with one or more buttons which they choose from to select the path they wish to take.
*The display may vary according to how the teacher has set up the lesson in [[Lesson settings]]. For example; there may or may not be a list of pages down the side; there may or may not be an ongoing score.
*Students progress through the lesson with either content pages (of information, which is not graded) or various types of question pages(which may be graded) When a question page is used, the following page gives the answer and feedback if offered:
[[File:studentviewoflesson.png]]
*The lesson is ended when the student has met the criteria set by the teacher. This could be answering a certain number of questions correctly, accessing a certain number of pages with content (text, audio or video) or following a certain navigational path. A final page appears where the student can check their score, if applicable, and return to the main course page.
[[File:studentendoflesson.png]]


Note:  Since Moodle 2.8.3, If the gradebook is hidden from the student (via ''Course administration>Edit settings'') or if the lesson is a practice lesson, then the 'View grades' link will not be displayed.However, the score will still be displayed at the end of the lesson, unless it is a practice lesson:
[[File:lessongradebookhidden.png|thumb|300px|center]]


==What the teacher sees==
*A teacher clicking on a lesson will see tabs at the top offering them the chance to preview, edit, view reports or grade essays in the lesson:
[[File:teacherviewoflesson.png]]
===Preview===
*The lesson opens up in preview mode for the teacher. However, it will not show the score unless the teacher switches their role to a student.
===Edit===
*The Edit tab allows teachers to alter the lesson once it has been set up. There are two views - Collapsed and Expanded. See [[Building Lesson]] for more details on editing the lesson.


== The Flash Card Lesson ==
===Reports===
*The reports tab shows the performance of students taking the lesson. There is a general "Overview" and a "Detailed Statistics" tab.
====Overview====
[[File:lessonreportsoverview1.png]]


The Lesson module can be used as a type of Flash Card assignment. The student is shown some information (optional) and a question in basically a random order. There is no set beginning and no set end. Just a set of Cards shown one after another in no particular order.
By clicking on the specific attempt, the teacher can view the student's answers to specific questions. It is also possible to delete a student attempt by checking the attempt and using the pull down menu to change "Choose" to "Delete".


In the Lesson module the cards are pages. Correct answers jump to the Next Page, wrong answers stay on the same page.
*Below the "Overview" can also be seen general statistics: Average score, Average time, High score, Low score, High time, Low time.
[[File:lessonreportstatistics.png]]


There are two very similar variants of Flash Card behaviour. The option "Show an unseen page" never shows the same page twice (even if the student did not answer the question associated with the Card/Page correctly). The other option is "Show an unanswered page" which shows the student pages that may have appeared before but only if they answered the associated question wrongly.
====Detailed Statistics====
More detailed reports on individual questions are available from this tab, as in the following screenshot:


When using either of these Flash Card lessons the teacher can decide to use either all the Cards/Pages in the lesson or just a (random) sub-set. This is done through the "Number of Pages (Cards) to show" parameter when setting up the lesson.
[[File:lessonreportsdetailed.png]]


In fact, this type of lesson is very similar to a random ordered Quiz, the difference is that the questions are shown one page at a time. Further extra text can be included with each question.
==Grading lessons==
*Note that for a lesson to be graded, it must have at least one question where a student can receive a score and the lesson can not be a practice lesson. Grades are calculated when the student has completed a lesson. Grades are kept for every student attempt.
===Grading lesson essays===
*If a lesson essay question  has been included, the teacher can grade it from the Grade essays tab - #1 in the screenshot below - or from ''Lesson administration>Grade essays'' - #2 in the screenshot below:
[[File:gradelessonessays.png]]


*Completed essays are listed next to the students' names:
[[File:gradelessonessays1.png]]


== Types of questions available within a lesson ==
*Ungraded essays are red in colour -#1 in the screenshot below:
*When a teacher clicks on an essay and grades it, the colour changes to a yellow shade - #2 in the screenshot below:
*When a teacher clicks 'Email graded essays' to notify the student, the colour changes to a green shade - #3 in the screenshot below:
[[File:colourchangegradedessays.png|thumb|600px|center|Colour changes when grading essays]]


== Multichoice Questions ==
==Understanding Flow control==
*''Administration > Lesson administration > Edit settings > Flow control group''


This is the default question type. Multichoice questions are popular questions where the student is asked to choose one answer from a set of alternatives. The correct answer takes the student further into the lesson, the wrong answers do not. The wrong answers are sometimes called the distractors and the utility of these questions often rely more on the quality of the distractors than either the questions themselves or their correct answers.
*Here are some examples to help you understand the Lesson flow control settings. Please note:
*"Allow student review" setting applies to the review of a whole Lesson, whereas
*"Provide option to try a question again" setting applies to the review of an individual question page. When the student does not select the correct answer, 'Provide option to try a question again" setting will display 2 buttons.  One will direct the student back to the question and the other to continue.
*"Maximum number of attempts" is designed to prevent a student from being stuck on "This page" where they continually put or select the wrong answer.  It will override other settings, such as review or the option to try the question again.  When exceeded, it will not allow a score to be recorded for that question.


Each answer can optionally have a response. If no response is entered for an answer then the default reponse "That's the Correct Answer" or "That's the Wrong Answer" is shown to the student.
====Case 1 ====
The teacher wants the student to be able to attempt any question no more than 3 times and be given the chance to answer the question again.  The teacher wants the student to see the response attached to their answer.  


It is possible to have more than one correct answer to a multichoice question. The different correct answers may give the student different responses and jump to different (forward) pages in the lesson but do not vary in their grades, (that is, some answers are not more correct than others, at least in terms of grade.) It is possible for all the answers to be correct and they might take the student to different (forward) parts of the lesson depending on which one is chosen. (Although it's probably neater to use a Branch Table to accomplish this).
:Flow control settings
::Allow student review '''Yes'''
::Provide option to try a question again '''No'''
::Maximum number of attempts '''3'''
::Display default feedback '''No'''
::Number of pages to show '''0'''
::Slideshow '''No'''


:Student selects wrong answer and will see:
:: "Response for the wrong answer" (if any is shown)
:: "Yes, I'd like to try again" button
:: "Continue" button.


== Multichoice Multianswer ==
:Student selects correct answer and will see:
:: "Response for the correct answer" (if any is shown)
:: "Continue" button


====Case 2 ====
The teacher wants to allow the student 3 attempts at all questions but not see any feedback except the site default feedback for wrong answers.
*Flow control settings
::Allow student review '''No'''
::Provide option to try a question again  '''Yes'''
::Maximum number of attempts '''3'''
::Display default feedback '''No'''
::Number of pages to show '''0'''
::Slideshow '''No'''


There is variant of Multichoice questions called Multichoice Multianswer questions. These require the student to select all the correct answers from the set of answers. The question may or may not tell the student how many correct answers there are. For example "Which of the following were US Presidents?" does not, while "Select the two US presidents from the following list." does. The actual number of correct answers can be from one up to the number of choices. (A Multichoice Multianswer question with one correct answer is different from a Multichoice question as the former allows the student the possibility of choosing more than one answer while the latter does not.)
*Student selects wrong answer and will see:
::''Not quite. Would you like to try again?'' as text over the
::"Yes, I'd like to try again" button
::'"No, I just want to go on to the next question" button


Again the correct answers are flagged using forward jumps, the wrong answers by same page or backward jumps. When there is more than one correct answer the jumps should all go to the same page, similarily with the wrong answers. If that is not the case a warning is given on the teacher's view of the lesson. The correct response, if required, should be given on the first correct answer and the wrong response, if required, should be on the first wrong answer. Responses on the other answers are ignored (without warning).
:''Note:'' If the wrong answer jump is set to "This page" and the number of attempts is under the maximum, then the student will return to the question, regardless if they select "No, I just want to go on".  


*Student selects correct answer and will see:
:: "Your answer: {gives the student's answer)"
:: Response attached to the correct answer (if any)


Here's an example, Which of the following are Mammals?
==== Case 3 ====
[This question uses the "default" responses]
"Speed bump for speed clickers".  Teacher only wants the student to get once chance to record an answer on any question.  They will only see the response the teacher provides for any question, or the default feedback if no response has been set for the answer the student selected.   


*Flow control settings
::Allow student review '''No'''
::Provide option to try a question again '''No'''
::Maximum number of attempts '''1'''
::Display default feedback '''Yes'''
::Number of pages to show '''0'''
::Slideshow '''No'''


*Student selects wrong answer and will see:
:: "Response for the wrong answer" (if any is shown)
:: "Yes, I'd like to try again" button
:: "Continue" button.


answer[0] A Dog
: ''Note:'' When teacher sets the Jump to "This page" for a wrong answer, they will return to the page but their score will not change.


* Student
answer[1] An Ant
::"Response for the correct answer" (if any is show)
::"Continue" button


   
==Ideas for using Lessons==
answer[2] A Buttercup
*Because of its "branching" nature, the lesson module lends itself to a wide variety of activities, not all of which need to be graded. In addition to merely working through a list of question pages, here are some other suggestions:
====Self-directed learning of a new topic====
*Use the lesson to introduce a new topic. The learner starts out knowing nothing but can progress at his own pace, reviewing what he is not sure of and moving on when he feels ready. This can be much enhanced by...
====Allow for different learning styles====
*When using the lesson to introduce a new topic, offer pages that deliver the content in different ways, according to how the students prefer to learn. For example the button "do you prefer to read?" goes to a page of text; "do you prefer to watch a video?" goes to a screencast ; "do you prefer to listen to instructions?" -goes to a podcast and so on.
====Role play simulations/Decision-making exercises====
*Use the lesson to set up situations where the learner has to make a choice each time and the scenario changes according to their selection. This could be a medical emergency for example, deciding upon the correct treatment, or a customer relations exercise, learning how best to deal with an awkward client. In an educational establishment it could serve well in Humanities subjects considering moral/ethical issues.
====Interactive fiction====
*For younger (and not so younger!) students, the lesson can be used to create a "choose your own ending" type of story where the student reads a page (or even watches a video/listens to an audio file) and then decides upon the character's next move. Apart from the entertainment value of this, it could be used to help guide pre-teens to behave responsibly by taking decisions for a character who is in a potentially dangerous situation.
====Differentiated revision guides====
*Students can be taken to different sets of revision questions according to their answers, allowing them to progress from basic to intermediate to advanced according to their prior knowledge.
== See also ==


[http://school.demo.moodle.net/mod/lesson/view.php?id=432 A working example of a Lesson from the School demo site.]
answer[3] A Cow


== Short Answer ==
[http://moodle.net/?courseid=1214 A downloadable course from Moodle.net for learning about and creating Moodle Lessons]
In a Short Answer question the student is prompted for a short piece of text. This is checked against one or more answers. Answers can be either correct or wrong. Each answer can optionally have a response. If no response is entered for an answer then the default reponse "That's the Correct Answer" or "That's the Wrong Answer" is shown to the student. If the text entered does not match any of the answers then the answer is wrong and the student is shown the default wrong response.


By default the comparisons ignore the case of the text. There is an option to make the comparisons case sensitive.


There is a fundemental problem with this type of question. If you ask a question like "Who wrote Elergy written in a Country Churchyard?" as a Short Answer question it's fine for the students who know the anwser. But how about those who do not? To avoid those students getting stuck in a loop the Lesson module has a "Maximum number of Attempts" parameter which sets an upper limit on the number of times a student can attempt a question. The default value is 5 times. (This can be reduced to 1 if you wanted students to have only one attempt at each question.)


There is a slight complication here . The "Maximum number of Attempts" mechanism relies on looking at the record of attempts. That is fine for students as their attempts are all recorded. However, when a teacher looks at a lesson their attempts are not recorded. (The attempts are used to calculate grades and as teachers aren't interested in their own grades...) So teachers are not subject to the number of answers limit. But they should know the answers, shouldn't they!
[[fr:Afficher une leçon]]
 
[[de:Lektion nutzen]]
 
[[es:Usando Lección]]
== True / False ==
[[ja:レッスンの利用]]
 
The True/False question is a special case of the Multichoice question.The student is prompted to choose which is the correct option. With this type of question you should be able to average 50% by guessing
 
 
== Matching Questions ==
 
Matching questions are much more interesting than the last type of question. They can make quite powerful and flexible questions. They consist of a list of names or statements which must be correctly matched against other list of names or statements. For example "Match the Capital with the Country" with the two lists Japan, Canada, Italy and Tokyo, Ottawa, Rome. It is possible to have repeated entries in one of the lists but care should be taken to make the repeats identical. For example "Identify the type of these creatures" with the lists Sparrow, Cow, Ant, Dog and Bird, Animal, Insect, Animal.
 
When creating this type of question the items for the first list go into the Answer boxes and items for the second list go into the Response boxes. Once created a more sensible labelling scheme is shown. When the student successfully matches the items the jump on the first answer is used. An unsuccessful answer jumps to the page on the second answer. The question does not support custom responses, the student is told how many matches are correct or if all the matches are correct.
 
 
== Numerical Question ==
 
This type of question requires a number as the answer. In it's simplest form it requires just one answer to be specified. For example "What is 2 plus 2?" with the answer 4 given a forward jump. However, it is better to specify a range because the internal rounding of numerical values can make single numeric comparisons rather hit or miss. Thus, if the question were "What is 10 divided by 3" it would be necessary to give the answer as Minimum:Maximum, that is two values separated by a colon. Thus if 3.33:3.34 is given as the acceptible range for the answer, then the answers 3.33, 3.333, 3.3333... would all be taken as correct answers. "Wrong" answers would include 3.3 (less than the minimum) and 3.4 (greater than the maximum).
 
More than one correct answer is allowed and the answers can be either single or pair of values. Note that the order in which the answers are tested is Answer 1, Answer 2... so some care needs to taken if the desired response is to appear. For example the question "When was Larkin born?" could have the single value of 1922, the exact answer, and the pair of values 1920:1929, the 20's, as the less exact answer.The order in which these values should be tested is, obviously, 1922 then 1920:1929. The first answer might have the response "That's exactly right" while the other answer's response might be "That's close, you've got the right decade, it is was actually 1922."
 
Wrong answers can be given but depending on their actual range, care should be taken to place them after the correct answers. For example in adding the wrong answer 3:4 to the "10 divided by 3" question it needs to come after the correct answer. That is the answers are ordered 3.33:3.34 (the "correct" answer) then 3:4 (the "wrong" answer, but not wildly wrong answer!).
 
 
== Branch Tables ==
 
 
Branch tables are simply pages which have a set of links to other pages in the lesson. Typically a lesson may start with a branch table which acts as a Table of Contents. Each link in a branch table has two components, a description and the title of the page to jump to. A branch table effectively divides the lesson into a number of branches (or sections). Each branch can contain a number of pages (probably all related to the same topic).
 
The end of a branch is usually marked by an End of Branch page. This is a special page which, by default, returns the student back to the preceeding branch table. (The "return" jump in an End of Branch page can be changed, if required, by editing the page.)
 
There can be more than one branch table in a lesson. For example, a lesson might usefully be structured so that specialist points are sub-branches within the main subject branches. (Thus the name used is Branch Table rather than Table of Contents page.)
 
The number of links shown when setting up or editting a branch table is set by the "Number of Answers/Branches". This parameter can be changed on the fly by simply clicking on the Update the Lesson button at the top of the teacher's page and changing the value.
 
It is important to give students a means of ending the lesson. This might be done by including an "End Lesson" link in the main branch table. This jumps to the (imaginary) End of Lesson page. Another option is for the last branch in the lesson (here "last" is used in the logical ordering sense) to simply continue to the end of the lesson, that is, it is not terminated by an End of Branch page.
 
When a lesson includes one or more branch tables it is advisable to set the "Minimum number of Questions" parameter to some reasonable value. This sets a lower limit on the number of pages seen when the grade is calculated. Without this parameter a student might visit a single branch in the lesson, answer all its questions correctly and leave the lesson with the maximum grade!
 
Further, when a branch table is present a student has the opportunity of re-visiting the same branch more than once. However, the grade is calculated using the number of unique questions answered. So repeatedly answering the same set of questions does not increase the grade. (In fact, the reverse is true, it lowers the grade as the count of the number of pages seen is used in the denominator when calculating grades does include repeats.) In order to give students a fair idea of their progress in the lesson, they are shown details of how many questions they are answered correctly, number of pages seen, and their current grade on every branch table page. (This is one other thing teachers don't get to see - sorry!)

Latest revision as of 13:37, 4 September 2016

This page outlines how students and teachers interact with Moodle lessons once they have been created. For details on how to set up and then organise a lesson, see Lesson settings and Building Lesson


What the student sees

  • A student clicking on a Lesson will see an introductory page with one or more buttons which they choose from to select the path they wish to take.
  • The display may vary according to how the teacher has set up the lesson in Lesson settings. For example; there may or may not be a list of pages down the side; there may or may not be an ongoing score.
  • Students progress through the lesson with either content pages (of information, which is not graded) or various types of question pages(which may be graded) When a question page is used, the following page gives the answer and feedback if offered:

studentviewoflesson.png

  • The lesson is ended when the student has met the criteria set by the teacher. This could be answering a certain number of questions correctly, accessing a certain number of pages with content (text, audio or video) or following a certain navigational path. A final page appears where the student can check their score, if applicable, and return to the main course page.

studentendoflesson.png

Note: Since Moodle 2.8.3, If the gradebook is hidden from the student (via Course administration>Edit settings) or if the lesson is a practice lesson, then the 'View grades' link will not be displayed.However, the score will still be displayed at the end of the lesson, unless it is a practice lesson:

lessongradebookhidden.png

What the teacher sees

  • A teacher clicking on a lesson will see tabs at the top offering them the chance to preview, edit, view reports or grade essays in the lesson:

teacherviewoflesson.png

Preview

  • The lesson opens up in preview mode for the teacher. However, it will not show the score unless the teacher switches their role to a student.

Edit

  • The Edit tab allows teachers to alter the lesson once it has been set up. There are two views - Collapsed and Expanded. See Building Lesson for more details on editing the lesson.

Reports

  • The reports tab shows the performance of students taking the lesson. There is a general "Overview" and a "Detailed Statistics" tab.

Overview

lessonreportsoverview1.png

By clicking on the specific attempt, the teacher can view the student's answers to specific questions. It is also possible to delete a student attempt by checking the attempt and using the pull down menu to change "Choose" to "Delete".

  • Below the "Overview" can also be seen general statistics: Average score, Average time, High score, Low score, High time, Low time.

lessonreportstatistics.png

Detailed Statistics

More detailed reports on individual questions are available from this tab, as in the following screenshot:

lessonreportsdetailed.png

Grading lessons

  • Note that for a lesson to be graded, it must have at least one question where a student can receive a score and the lesson can not be a practice lesson. Grades are calculated when the student has completed a lesson. Grades are kept for every student attempt.

Grading lesson essays

  • If a lesson essay question has been included, the teacher can grade it from the Grade essays tab - #1 in the screenshot below - or from Lesson administration>Grade essays - #2 in the screenshot below:

gradelessonessays.png

  • Completed essays are listed next to the students' names:

gradelessonessays1.png

  • Ungraded essays are red in colour -#1 in the screenshot below:
  • When a teacher clicks on an essay and grades it, the colour changes to a yellow shade - #2 in the screenshot below:
  • When a teacher clicks 'Email graded essays' to notify the student, the colour changes to a green shade - #3 in the screenshot below:
Colour changes when grading essays

Understanding Flow control

  • Administration > Lesson administration > Edit settings > Flow control group
  • Here are some examples to help you understand the Lesson flow control settings. Please note:
  • "Allow student review" setting applies to the review of a whole Lesson, whereas
  • "Provide option to try a question again" setting applies to the review of an individual question page. When the student does not select the correct answer, 'Provide option to try a question again" setting will display 2 buttons. One will direct the student back to the question and the other to continue.
  • "Maximum number of attempts" is designed to prevent a student from being stuck on "This page" where they continually put or select the wrong answer. It will override other settings, such as review or the option to try the question again. When exceeded, it will not allow a score to be recorded for that question.

Case 1

The teacher wants the student to be able to attempt any question no more than 3 times and be given the chance to answer the question again. The teacher wants the student to see the response attached to their answer.

Flow control settings
Allow student review Yes
Provide option to try a question again No
Maximum number of attempts 3
Display default feedback No
Number of pages to show 0
Slideshow No
Student selects wrong answer and will see:
"Response for the wrong answer" (if any is shown)
"Yes, I'd like to try again" button
"Continue" button.
Student selects correct answer and will see:
"Response for the correct answer" (if any is shown)
"Continue" button

Case 2

The teacher wants to allow the student 3 attempts at all questions but not see any feedback except the site default feedback for wrong answers.

  • Flow control settings
Allow student review No
Provide option to try a question again Yes
Maximum number of attempts 3
Display default feedback No
Number of pages to show 0
Slideshow No
  • Student selects wrong answer and will see:
Not quite. Would you like to try again? as text over the
"Yes, I'd like to try again" button
'"No, I just want to go on to the next question" button
Note: If the wrong answer jump is set to "This page" and the number of attempts is under the maximum, then the student will return to the question, regardless if they select "No, I just want to go on".
  • Student selects correct answer and will see:
"Your answer: {gives the student's answer)"
Response attached to the correct answer (if any)

Case 3

"Speed bump for speed clickers". Teacher only wants the student to get once chance to record an answer on any question. They will only see the response the teacher provides for any question, or the default feedback if no response has been set for the answer the student selected.

  • Flow control settings
Allow student review No
Provide option to try a question again No
Maximum number of attempts 1
Display default feedback Yes
Number of pages to show 0
Slideshow No
  • Student selects wrong answer and will see:
"Response for the wrong answer" (if any is shown)
"Yes, I'd like to try again" button
"Continue" button.
Note: When teacher sets the Jump to "This page" for a wrong answer, they will return to the page but their score will not change.
  • Student
"Response for the correct answer" (if any is show)
"Continue" button

Ideas for using Lessons

  • Because of its "branching" nature, the lesson module lends itself to a wide variety of activities, not all of which need to be graded. In addition to merely working through a list of question pages, here are some other suggestions:

Self-directed learning of a new topic

  • Use the lesson to introduce a new topic. The learner starts out knowing nothing but can progress at his own pace, reviewing what he is not sure of and moving on when he feels ready. This can be much enhanced by...

Allow for different learning styles

  • When using the lesson to introduce a new topic, offer pages that deliver the content in different ways, according to how the students prefer to learn. For example the button "do you prefer to read?" goes to a page of text; "do you prefer to watch a video?" goes to a screencast ; "do you prefer to listen to instructions?" -goes to a podcast and so on.

Role play simulations/Decision-making exercises

  • Use the lesson to set up situations where the learner has to make a choice each time and the scenario changes according to their selection. This could be a medical emergency for example, deciding upon the correct treatment, or a customer relations exercise, learning how best to deal with an awkward client. In an educational establishment it could serve well in Humanities subjects considering moral/ethical issues.

Interactive fiction

  • For younger (and not so younger!) students, the lesson can be used to create a "choose your own ending" type of story where the student reads a page (or even watches a video/listens to an audio file) and then decides upon the character's next move. Apart from the entertainment value of this, it could be used to help guide pre-teens to behave responsibly by taking decisions for a character who is in a potentially dangerous situation.

Differentiated revision guides

  • Students can be taken to different sets of revision questions according to their answers, allowing them to progress from basic to intermediate to advanced according to their prior knowledge.

See also

A working example of a Lesson from the School demo site.

A downloadable course from Moodle.net for learning about and creating Moodle Lessons

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