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Multiple Intelligences
{{Editing text}}
==Using a text editor==


The theory of multiple intelligences represents a new framework that considers other gifts that children have. This departs from the traditional, narrow focused notion of intelligence, based on I.Q. testing, is far too limited. The theory encompasses other cultural definitions of intelligence, neurophysiology, anthropological studies and Gardner’s own experimentation and observation of children. The theory devised eight categories of respective intelligence to account for a broader range of human potential in children and adults
The text editor (sometimes referred to as the 'HTML editor') has many icons to assist the user in entering content. Many of these icons and functions should be familiar to anyone who uses a word processor. 


*1. Verbal/Linguistic – refers to linguistic abilities in the complex acquisition, formation and processing of language. The ability to create conceptual verbal patterns as well as thinking symbolically and reasoning abstractly fall under this category. The activities associated with this category is reading, writing, the development of symbolic writing and language skills--anagrams, palindromes, metaphors, similes, puns, and analogies. Traits shared by these children are children who talk early, those who enjoy making sounds and rhyming patterns; children who are prolific readers and have good memories for poetry, lyrics, tongue twisters, and verse may have a propensity in this area. These individuals have infinity for both the written and spoken words, and often think in words. They learn by verbalization and visualization, by seeing and hearing words and usually enjoy word games.
Some examples of where you will see the text editor include: Editing Section headings, description of an activity, writing an answer to a quiz question or editing the content of many blocks.
 
The default text editor in Moodle is the Atto editor, built specifically for Moodle. There is also a version of the [[TinyMCE editor]] and a plain text editor.
 
Text editors can be enabled, disabled or a different one set to default from ''Administration > Site administration > Plugins > Text editors > Manage editors''. The order of priority may also be specified here.
 
If more than one text editor is enabled, users can select their preferred editor via their preferences page in the user menu (top right).
 
==Atto HTML editor==
 
{{MediaPlayer | url = https://youtu.be/mfpCJzNcX_I | desc = }}
 
{{New features}}
Students and teachers (e.g. in language teching) may directly record video or audio in most areas where the Atto editor is present:
{{MediaPlayer | url = https://youtu.be/gr4mw1qvcWM | desc =}}
 
Administrators can configure this from Site administration>Plugins>Text editors>Atto editor.
 
==Atto editor toolbar layout==
 
[[File:Attotopline1.png]]
 
Atto Row 1
 
 
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|-
| 1:Expand
| 2.Style
| 3.Bold
| 4.Italic
|-
| 5.Bulleted list
| 6.Numbered list
| 7.Add link
| 8.Unlink
|-
| 9.Add image
| 10.Add smiley (if enabled)
| 11.Add media
| 12.Record audio
|-
| 13. Record video
| 14. Manage embedded files
   
   
*2. Logical/mathematical—refers to logical thought abilities- inductively, and to some degree deductively. Within the category children are able to recognize patterns, both geometric and numerical, and include the ability process abstract concepts. Children who possess this form of developed intelligence may be constant questioners; they may easily grasp games that involve sophisticated strategies--like chess; or they may devise experimental formats to test their ideas. Also, they may be fascinated with computers or with puzzles that involving logic and reasoning abilities.  
|}
 
 
 
[[File:Attobottomline.png]]
 
Atto Row 2
 
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|-
| 1. Underline
| 2. Strikethrough
| 3. Subscript
| 4. Superscript
|-
| 5. Align left/centre/right
| 6. Decrease/increase indent
| 7. Equation editor
| 8. Special character
|-
| 9. Table
| 10. Clear formatting
| 11. Undo/redo
| 12. Accessibility checker
|-
| 13. Screenreader helper
| 14. HTML/code view
|
|}
 
==Manage embedded files==
This allows users to add, delete or override files embedded in the current text area, for example in a label or topic summary. (It complements the [[Embedded files repository]])
 
[[File:26embeddefiles2.png|thumb|400px|center]]
 
===Image drag and drop===
 
If your browser allows it (and if it does, you will see a message at the top of your screen when the editing is on) you can add images into the Atto editor simply by dragging them from your computer:
 
[[File:Attodragdrop29.png|thumb|600px|center|Drag an image directly into the editor]]
 
===Autosave===
 
Text typed into the Atto editor is automatically saved if you leave the page. The default of 60 seconds may be changed by the administrator in ''Site administration>Plugins>Text editors>Atto HTML editor>Atto toolbar settings.'' If the user accidentally closes the tab or otherwise leaves the form without submitting, the text in the editor will be restored next time he opens the page. To discard  a restored draft, the  user needs to cancel the form or press the "Undo" button in the editor.
[[File:AtttoAutosave.png|thumb|600px|center]]
 
===Accessibility checker===
 
One of the tools available in the text editor is an automated [[Accessibility|accessibility]] checker which checks for some common errors in the text. These are usually things in the way the text is constructed that can prevent all users from having equal access to information and functionality. The list of problems that the accessibility checker looks for is:
 
* Images with missing or empty alt text (unless they have the presentation role)
* Contrast of font colour and background colour meets [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_Content_Accessibility_Guidelines WCAG AA guidelines]
* Long blocks of text are sufficiently broken up into headings
* All tables require captions
* Tables should not contain merged cells as they are difficult to navigate with screen readers
* All tables should contain row or column headers
 
===Screenreader helper===
 
Screen readers basically treat a content editable region like a text box - which is wrong, because it can contain images, links and more.
 
The screen reader helper provides additional information about the currently selected text (e.g. is it bold), as well as a listing of any images or links in the text.
 
==Equation editor==
 
If either the [[MathJax filter|MathJax]] or the [[TeX notation filter|TeX notation]] filters are enabled (in ''Administration > Site administration > Plugins > Filters > Manage filters'') then an equation editor button is provided in the toolbar for launching the equation editor.
 
In Moodle 3.0 onwards, extra buttons are provided for square roots, fractions and vectors.
[[Image:30equationeditor.png|thumb|center|Equation editor]]
 
==Table editor==
 
If the administrator has enabled the extra settings for the Atto table editor (see below) then border styling, sizing  and colours are available when creating a table:
 
[[File:AttoTableRevised.png|center|thumb|center]]
 
==Site administration settings==
 
===Toolbar settings===
 
The administrator can specify which plugins to display and in which order from ''Administration > Site administration > Plugins > Text editors > Atto HTML editor > Atto toolbar settings''.
[[File:atto-plugins.png|thumb|center|450px|Atto Plugins]]
 
====Toolbar config table====
The toolbar is split into groups of related buttons. The format for the config setting is:
 
groupname1 = button1, button2, button3
groupname2 = button1, button2, button3
 
The group names on the left have no effect on how the toolbar works; they just need to be different for each button (and no spaces please). The list of buttons says which button goes in which group and in what order. The exact word to insert here for each button is listed in the "Toolbar config" column above.
 
The reason there are names for the groups is that it helps to make you think about how to group the buttons sensibly and not just stick new buttons in random locations. Ie. all the buttons in the "files" group interact with the file picker in some way
 
===Adding extra buttons===
 
Extra plugins from the list (for example 'Font color' or 'Emoticon') may be added by typing the toolbarconfig term into the toolbar config table.
 
[[File:toolbarconfig.png]]
 
Here for example are the available colours when 'fontcolor' is added:
 
[[File:fontcolor.png]]
 
The icons are displayed in related groups and the administrator can decide how many groups to display in the default collapsed state of the toolbar (that is, how many groups to display on Row 1).
 
====Autosave frequency====
Text is automatically saved at regular intervals so it may be restored when the user returns to a form they had previously left. This setting allows the administrator to specify the time between autosaves. The default is one minute.
==== Non default Atto plugins ====
Not all plugins are enabled by default and the administrator of each site should give careful thought as to which plugins they choose to enable for their users. Here are some things to consider before enabling the non-default plugins:
 
===== Background colour / Font colour =====
While these are very popular plugins, there are downsides to enabling their use on a site. Firstly - user specified colours may conflict visually with the site colours chosen by the theme designer. Even if the colours of the content do not conflict with the colours of the current theme, if the theme is changed in future, or the content is reused on a different site conflicts may be introduced. There are 2 possible types of conflicts, the first is just a visually unappealing combination of colours, the second is a combination of colours that may produce text that is hard to read for some people. It is preferable if the theme designer uses some interesting colours that meet the accessibility standards required for the site in the theme for the site, and the person creating the content simply uses the proper heading levels (for example) to make use of those styles.
 
===== Emoticons =====
The emoticon plugin inserts text representations of the emoticons in the content. The emoticon filter is responsible for converting these text sequences into proper smiley images. The emoticon filter is not enabled by default, which is why the emoticon plugin for Atto is not enabled by default.
 
===== No-auto link =====
In general, the more plugins are added to the Atto toolbar, the harder it becomes to find specific plugins. Because the no-auto link plugin is not felt to be widely used it is not enabled by default.
 
===== Right to left =====
Because this plugin is only useful for courses where text needs to be written in a mixture of both "left to right" and "right to left" languages, it is not enabled by default.
 
==== Moodle plugins directory ====
 
There are more plugins available for Atto than just those included in a default install.
See the [https://moodle.org/plugins/browse.php?list=category&id=53 Moodle plugins directory] for additional plugins.
Some example plugins include the following:
 
===== Cloze editor for Atto=====
[[Cloze editor for Atto|This]] is a plugin for easily making [[Embedded Answers (Cloze) question type]] questions inside the standard Moodle Atto text  editor.
 
===== Toggle preview =====
This plugin allows you view the content as it would be seen by a reader.
 
===== Chemistry plugins =====
There are a number of chemistry plugins that support chemistry equations and structures.
 
===== Text import plugins =====
There are a number of plugins that support importing text from other sources.
The [https://moodle.org/plugins/view/atto_pastespecial Paste special] plugin minimises the amount of superfluous HTML markup
included when pasting content from an external editor such as Microsoft Word.
 
The [https://moodle.org/plugins/view/atto_wordimport Word Import] plugin (beta) supports importing an entire Word document,
including embedded images.
 


*3. Spatial Intelligence--deals with the ability to perceive images. Children who fall in this category tend to think in images, they have a strong visual recall ability and are usually the ones able to find missing objects. There is a tendency to be the first to notice things that have been changed or rearranged. Many are earlier drawers--delighted with shapes, lines and colors. The activities that they might enjoy are jigsaw puzzles, mazes, find the hidden picture puzzles and they love to construct things with blocks. They have an early sense of proportion and perspective. They are also good at reading and constructing maps and discerning objects as they might appear in three dimensional spaces. They are often referred to as daydreamers--starring off into space.
===Equation editor settings===


*4. Musical – refers to the ability to create or interpret music. Often music plays an important factor when studying, and they are continually humming, singing, tapping out tunes rhythmically, or whistling. Their keen hearing allows them to distinguishing sounds and subtle nuances in music and in the sounds in their environments. These children can also be excellent mimics and can easily discern differences in speech patterns or accents. David Lazear expands this group with the descriptor of rhythmic, and Bob Samples describes this as auditory intelligence.
Equation editor commands may be removed, added or reordered in ''Administration > Site administration > Plugins > Text editors > Atto HTML editor > Equation editor settings''.


*5. Bodily/Kinesthetic: the emphasis of gift that these children exhibit deals with the gift of physical movement, both the fine and/or the large muscle systems. Thee find it difficult to sit still over an extended period of time and described as the movers of the universe, and frequently they squirm, rock, even fall off their chairs. They have an adept ability at creating and interpreting gestures and are often attuned at communicating in, or reading others body language. They tend to have the need to enter the personal space of others or to touch them while communicating. This group of students needs to learn by acting and moving, to learn by haptic experiences.
[[File:equationeditor.png]]


*6. Interpersonal: refers to the ability to understand and communicate with others and to facilitate relationships and group processes. They have the uncanny abilities to read people – the phrase "they can work the room" aptly describes them. They can adjudicate differences between people or groups and often exhibit a high level of empathy. The learning experience that is often enjoyed is cooperative learning experiences and learning is best achieved in cooperative settings.  
===Table editor settings===
Styles, colours and sizes for tables and their borders may be enabled from ''Administration > Site administraton >Plugins > Test editors > Atto HTML editor > Table settings.''


*7. Intrapersonal: refers to the ability to be somewhat shielded from their peers; this is motivated by a strong sense of self; to have leadership abilities in reference to making decisions that may not be popular with others. Children in this category tend to show a sense of immunity from peer pressure which is created by this strong sense of self. Often described as "loners" they may have gifts out the ordinary realm of human understanding--strong intuitive feelings, a sense of inner wisdom, or precognition. These children need learning experiences where they can focus on their inner being and activities that allow them to work by themselves on material and projects of their own choosing.
==See also==
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NBx0O9cQzBA Moodle HQ screencast demonstrating Atto editor]


The theory and its categories departs and essentially challenges the dominant focus of most educational institutions, which regards articulate or logical people of our culture as a highly intelligent person. Children, who do not exhibit these traditional traits, are often not positively reinforced with regards to their gifts. Instead they are labeled as children with learning difficulties.  
* [[Text editor FAQ]]
* [[Embedded files repository]]
* [[Word count quick guide]] - Word count is a plugin for the [[Text editor|Atto text editor]] which is used to create content within Moodle.  This plugin enables the author of text, such as a student, to check how many words and letters are in a  piece of text.


The theory of multiple intelligences challenges and suggests a major transformation within the school system. Within the classroom context, teacher are challenges to present their lessons in a wide variety of ways using music, cooperative learning, art activities, role play, multimedia, field trips, inner reflection, and much more. Within the high school context, when looking at careers, the theory has many strong implications for adult learning and development. As many students at university as well as adults may be in careers that do not make optimal use of their most highly developed intelligences.
[[Category:Site administration]]
While Gardner contends that all humans have some degree of all seven (now 8)  intelligences, there are those who are more gifted in some areas, or in combinations of areas, than in others.
[[Category:Language teaching]]


For more information click on: http://www.thirteen.org/edonline/concept2class/mi/index.html
[[de:Text-Editor]]
[[es:Editor de texto]]

Latest revision as of 15:14, 10 August 2021

Using a text editor

The text editor (sometimes referred to as the 'HTML editor') has many icons to assist the user in entering content. Many of these icons and functions should be familiar to anyone who uses a word processor.

Some examples of where you will see the text editor include: Editing Section headings, description of an activity, writing an answer to a quiz question or editing the content of many blocks.

The default text editor in Moodle is the Atto editor, built specifically for Moodle. There is also a version of the TinyMCE editor and a plain text editor.

Text editors can be enabled, disabled or a different one set to default from Administration > Site administration > Plugins > Text editors > Manage editors. The order of priority may also be specified here.

If more than one text editor is enabled, users can select their preferred editor via their preferences page in the user menu (top right).

Atto HTML editor

Load video
YouTube

New feature
in Moodle 3.5!

Students and teachers (e.g. in language teching) may directly record video or audio in most areas where the Atto editor is present:

Load video
YouTube

Administrators can configure this from Site administration>Plugins>Text editors>Atto editor.

Atto editor toolbar layout

Attotopline1.png

Atto Row 1


1:Expand 2.Style 3.Bold 4.Italic
5.Bulleted list 6.Numbered list 7.Add link 8.Unlink
9.Add image 10.Add smiley (if enabled) 11.Add media 12.Record audio
13. Record video 14. Manage embedded files


Attobottomline.png

Atto Row 2

1. Underline 2. Strikethrough 3. Subscript 4. Superscript
5. Align left/centre/right 6. Decrease/increase indent 7. Equation editor 8. Special character
9. Table 10. Clear formatting 11. Undo/redo 12. Accessibility checker
13. Screenreader helper 14. HTML/code view

Manage embedded files

This allows users to add, delete or override files embedded in the current text area, for example in a label or topic summary. (It complements the Embedded files repository)

26embeddefiles2.png

Image drag and drop

If your browser allows it (and if it does, you will see a message at the top of your screen when the editing is on) you can add images into the Atto editor simply by dragging them from your computer:

Drag an image directly into the editor

Autosave

Text typed into the Atto editor is automatically saved if you leave the page. The default of 60 seconds may be changed by the administrator in Site administration>Plugins>Text editors>Atto HTML editor>Atto toolbar settings. If the user accidentally closes the tab or otherwise leaves the form without submitting, the text in the editor will be restored next time he opens the page. To discard a restored draft, the user needs to cancel the form or press the "Undo" button in the editor.

AtttoAutosave.png

Accessibility checker

One of the tools available in the text editor is an automated accessibility checker which checks for some common errors in the text. These are usually things in the way the text is constructed that can prevent all users from having equal access to information and functionality. The list of problems that the accessibility checker looks for is:

  • Images with missing or empty alt text (unless they have the presentation role)
  • Contrast of font colour and background colour meets WCAG AA guidelines
  • Long blocks of text are sufficiently broken up into headings
  • All tables require captions
  • Tables should not contain merged cells as they are difficult to navigate with screen readers
  • All tables should contain row or column headers

Screenreader helper

Screen readers basically treat a content editable region like a text box - which is wrong, because it can contain images, links and more.

The screen reader helper provides additional information about the currently selected text (e.g. is it bold), as well as a listing of any images or links in the text.

Equation editor

If either the MathJax or the TeX notation filters are enabled (in Administration > Site administration > Plugins > Filters > Manage filters) then an equation editor button is provided in the toolbar for launching the equation editor.

In Moodle 3.0 onwards, extra buttons are provided for square roots, fractions and vectors.

Equation editor

Table editor

If the administrator has enabled the extra settings for the Atto table editor (see below) then border styling, sizing and colours are available when creating a table:

AttoTableRevised.png

Site administration settings

Toolbar settings

The administrator can specify which plugins to display and in which order from Administration > Site administration > Plugins > Text editors > Atto HTML editor > Atto toolbar settings.

Atto Plugins

Toolbar config table

The toolbar is split into groups of related buttons. The format for the config setting is:

groupname1 = button1, button2, button3 groupname2 = button1, button2, button3

The group names on the left have no effect on how the toolbar works; they just need to be different for each button (and no spaces please). The list of buttons says which button goes in which group and in what order. The exact word to insert here for each button is listed in the "Toolbar config" column above.

The reason there are names for the groups is that it helps to make you think about how to group the buttons sensibly and not just stick new buttons in random locations. Ie. all the buttons in the "files" group interact with the file picker in some way

Adding extra buttons

Extra plugins from the list (for example 'Font color' or 'Emoticon') may be added by typing the toolbarconfig term into the toolbar config table.

toolbarconfig.png

Here for example are the available colours when 'fontcolor' is added:

fontcolor.png

The icons are displayed in related groups and the administrator can decide how many groups to display in the default collapsed state of the toolbar (that is, how many groups to display on Row 1).

Autosave frequency

Text is automatically saved at regular intervals so it may be restored when the user returns to a form they had previously left. This setting allows the administrator to specify the time between autosaves. The default is one minute.

Non default Atto plugins

Not all plugins are enabled by default and the administrator of each site should give careful thought as to which plugins they choose to enable for their users. Here are some things to consider before enabling the non-default plugins:

Background colour / Font colour

While these are very popular plugins, there are downsides to enabling their use on a site. Firstly - user specified colours may conflict visually with the site colours chosen by the theme designer. Even if the colours of the content do not conflict with the colours of the current theme, if the theme is changed in future, or the content is reused on a different site conflicts may be introduced. There are 2 possible types of conflicts, the first is just a visually unappealing combination of colours, the second is a combination of colours that may produce text that is hard to read for some people. It is preferable if the theme designer uses some interesting colours that meet the accessibility standards required for the site in the theme for the site, and the person creating the content simply uses the proper heading levels (for example) to make use of those styles.

Emoticons

The emoticon plugin inserts text representations of the emoticons in the content. The emoticon filter is responsible for converting these text sequences into proper smiley images. The emoticon filter is not enabled by default, which is why the emoticon plugin for Atto is not enabled by default.

No-auto link

In general, the more plugins are added to the Atto toolbar, the harder it becomes to find specific plugins. Because the no-auto link plugin is not felt to be widely used it is not enabled by default.

Right to left

Because this plugin is only useful for courses where text needs to be written in a mixture of both "left to right" and "right to left" languages, it is not enabled by default.

Moodle plugins directory

There are more plugins available for Atto than just those included in a default install. See the Moodle plugins directory for additional plugins. Some example plugins include the following:

Cloze editor for Atto

This is a plugin for easily making Embedded Answers (Cloze) question type questions inside the standard Moodle Atto text editor.

Toggle preview

This plugin allows you view the content as it would be seen by a reader.

Chemistry plugins

There are a number of chemistry plugins that support chemistry equations and structures.

Text import plugins

There are a number of plugins that support importing text from other sources. The Paste special plugin minimises the amount of superfluous HTML markup included when pasting content from an external editor such as Microsoft Word.

The Word Import plugin (beta) supports importing an entire Word document, including embedded images.


Equation editor settings

Equation editor commands may be removed, added or reordered in Administration > Site administration > Plugins > Text editors > Atto HTML editor > Equation editor settings.

equationeditor.png

Table editor settings

Styles, colours and sizes for tables and their borders may be enabled from Administration > Site administraton >Plugins > Test editors > Atto HTML editor > Table settings.

See also

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