Nginx

Nginx [engine x] is an HTTP and reverse proxy server, as well as a mail proxy server, written by Igor Sysoev. The nginx project started with a strong focus on high concurrency, high performance and low memory usage. It is licensed under the 2-clause BSD-like license and it runs on Linux, BSD variants, Mac OS X, Solaris, AIX, HP-UX, as well as on other *nix flavours. It also has a proof of concept port for Microsoft Windows.

The following is community-contributed documentation on Nginx configuration. Amendments and additions are welcome.

Nginx configuration

PHP-FPM

Nginx is usually configured to interface with PHP via php-fpm. This is both fast and robust.

PHP-FPM's default behaviour for pools is usually to restrict the execution of scripts to a specific extension, i.e. .php. You should ensure that this behaviour is configured within your particular package/distribution, e.g. for debian,

/etc/php5/fpm/pool.d/www.conf

security.limit_extensions = .php

Nginx

Add the following 'slash arguments' to compatible 'location' block on your vhosts 'server' in your nginx configuration (further explanation at 'Using slash arguments').

In /etc/nginx/nginx.conf or /etc/nginx/conf.d/yourfilexyz.conf file

location ~ [^/]\.php(/|$) {
    fastcgi_split_path_info  ^(.+\.php)(/.+)$;
    fastcgi_index            index.php;
    fastcgi_pass             127.0.0.1:9000;
    include                  fastcgi_params;
    fastcgi_param   PATH_INFO       $fastcgi_path_info;
    fastcgi_param   SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
}

If using php-fpm socket in the location block above, then instead of

fastcgi_pass             127.0.0.1:9000;

something like (php version, socket location might vary)

fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php/php7.2-fpm.sock;

If you find that this does not work (scripts, styles, and images not loading) and that there are open() "..." failed (20: Not a directory) lines appearing in your logs, check whether there are any directives related to static content before this block and try moving them after this block. I.e. location block for php should be above other location blocks in conf files.

XSendfile aka X-Accel-Redirect

Setting Moodle and Nginx to use XSendfile functionality is a big win as it frees PHP from delivering files allowing Nginx to do what it does best, i.e. deliver files.

Enable xsendfile for Nginx in Moodles config.php, this is documented in the config-dist.php, a minimal configuration look like this,

$CFG->xsendfile = 'X-Accel-Redirect';
$CFG->xsendfilealiases = array(
    '/dataroot/' => $CFG->dataroot
);

Accompany this with a matching 'location' block in your nginx server configuration.

location /dataroot/ {
    internal;
    alias <full_moodledata_path>; # ensure the path ends with /
}

The definition of 'internal' here is critical as it prevents client access to your dataroot.

See also

• Real PATH_INFO support:
  • https://moodle.org/mod/forum/discuss.php?d=278916
  • https://moodle.org/mod/forum/discuss.php?d=307388
• [Deprecated] Internal rewriting to the HTTP GET file parameter:
  • https://moodle.org/mod/forum/discuss.php?d=83445