MoodleDocs - Wkład użytkownika [pl]

Quiz module

2007-12-31T12:50:48Z

Kurakbu: +pl:Quizy

{{Quizzes}}

The '''Quiz''' module allows the teacher to design and set quizzes consisting of a large variety of [[Question types]], among them multiple choice, true-false, and short answer questions. These questions are kept in the course [[Questions|Question bank]] and can be re-used within courses and between courses. Quizzes can allow multiple attempts. Each attempt is automatically marked, and the teacher can choose whether to give feedback and/or show the correct answers.

Feedback on performance is a critical part of a learning environment and assessment is one of the most important activities in education. As educators, we can’t tell what’s going on inside the heads of students, so we need a way for them to demonstrate what they understand and what they don’t. A well-designed test, even a multiple-choice test, can give you critical information about student performance. If the feedback is rapid enough, it can also be a critical tool for students to gauge their own performance and help them become more successful.

Moodle’s quiz module has a large number of options and tools, making it extremely flexible. You can create quizzes with different question types, randomly generated quizzes from pools of questions, allow students to have repeated attempts at a question or retake quizzes multiple times, and have the computer score it all.

These features open up a number of strategies which usually aren’t practical with paper based testing. It’s hard enough to score one batch of quizzes, and nearly impossible to score it 10 times for each student. When the computer does the work for you, it’s easy to give students a chance to practice taking a test, or to give frequent small quizzes. We explore how to apply these advantages on the page [[Effective quiz practices]].

This is the page where you can see all the quiz activities in the course, organized under four headings:

# '''Topic''' - the number of the block, in which the given quiz appears
# '''Name''' - the name of the quiz
# '''Quiz closes''' - the date after which the quiz will be closed
# '''Attempts''' - if there have been any attempts at the quiz, you will see the text 'View reports for x attempts (y Students)', 'x' being the number of attempts and 'y' the number of students attempting at the quiz. Otherwise, the field will be empty.

== See also ==

*[http://moodle.org/mod/data/view.php?d=13&advanced=1&f_46=Quiz+Report&f_98=Third-Party Third-party quiz reports]
*[http://download.moodle.org/docs/using_moodle/ch5_quizzes.pdf Using Moodle Chapter 5: Quizzes]
*[https://docs.moodle.org/en/Lesson#Types_of_questions_available_within_a_lesson Questions available in a Lesson]

{{excerpted from Jason Cole}}
[[Category:Teacher]]
[[Category:Quiz]]
[[Category:Modules]]

[[es:Cuestionarios]]
[[eu:Galdetegiak]]
[[ru:Тест]]
[[fr:Test]]
[[pl:Quizy]]

Activities block

2007-12-31T12:23:33Z

Kurakbu: +pl:Blok działalności

An activity is generally an interactive learning segment for a student in a course. The teacher adds activities by a pull down menu found in their course's sections when the edit mode is turned on.

The '''Activities''' block lists and allows navigation between the different activities available in your course ([[Forums]], [[Quizzes]], [[Assignments]], [[Lesson]] and so forth). The activities list will grow as you add activities to your course. Therefore, the first time you enter your course, the only category that is listed is Forums. This is because one forum exists by default – the news forum.

Whenever you add a different activity or resource to your course, an icon will appear in this block representing the specific Moodle module. These icons will link to a list of all instances of that modules activity that appear throughout the course.

The activity block is on the left and the activity pulldown menu is on the right.

The two lists do not match because [[Hotpot module|Hot Potatoes Quizzes]] is a non-standard activity (great one but non standard). [[LAMS]] and [[SCORM]] require more set up than the demo.moodle can provide.

[[Image:ActivityBlock.jpg|left|Activity block]]
[[Image:Activity dropdown.JPG|center|Activity drop down menu]]
 
'''
== See also ==
'''
[[Category:Teacher]]
[[Category:Block]]

[[es:Actividades]]
[[eu:Jarduerak]]
[[fr:Bloc activités]]
[[pl:Blok działalności]]

Create group

2007-12-30T18:41:36Z

Kurakbu: +pl:Tworzenie grupy

[[Image:Create group.png|thumb|Creating a group in Moodle 1.9]]
To create a new group:

#Click the "Create group" button at the bottom of the groups page.
#Set the options for the group (see below).
#Click the "Save changes" button.

==Group name==
This is the name of the group displayed in various places throughout the course.

==Group description==
Write a brief description of the group and its purpose. The description is displayed above the list of group members on the participants page.

==Enrolment key==
Enrolment keys allow users to enrol themselves on a course. You can set an [[enrolment key]] in the [[Course settings|course settings]]. If you set a group enrolment key too, then anyone who enrols on the course using that key will also automatically be made a member of the group.

Note: You need to set an enrolment key in your course settings, as well as setting a group enrolment key, otherwise students will not be prompted to enter a key when they attempt to enrol. Students only need to enter the group enrolment key and do
not need to know the course settings enrolment key.

Tip: Make sure that the first letter for each group enrolment key is the same as the course settings enrolment key. If a student makes a mistake typing in the enrolment key, they are provided with the first letter of the course settings enrolment key as a hint.

==Hide picture==
Hiding the picture for the group prevents the group picture from being displayed in various activities throughout your course.

==New picture==
You can upload a profile picture for the group or replace an old picture with a new one.

==See also==
*[[Groups]]
*[[Assign users to group]]

[[Category:Groups]]
[[pl:Tworzenie grupy]]

Enrolment key

2007-12-30T18:20:28Z

Kurakbu: +pl:Klucz rekrutacyjny

*A course enrolment (or enrollment) key is what keeps unwanted people out of your course.
*If you leave this blank, then anyone who has created a Moodle username on this site will be able to enroll in your course simply by going in to it.
*If you put something here, then 'normal' students who are trying to get in for the FIRST TIME ONLY will be asked to supply this word or phrase. However...
* Guests may (optionally) be required to supply the enrolment key (as specified on the Course Settings page). They will be required to supply the code '''every time''' they enter the course.
*The idea is that you will supply the key to authorized people using another means like private email, snail mail, on the phone or even verbally in a face to face class.
*If this password "gets out" and you have unwanted people enrolling, you can unenrol them (see their user profile page) and change this key. Any legitimate students who have already enrolled will not be affected, but the unwanted people won't be able to get back in.[[Image:Enrollmentkey.png|frame|right|Only your students will know your enrolment key]]

== Setting an enrolment key ==
The enrolment key is a Moodle setting that any teacher or admin user can set on a course by course basis. It is an integral security function that can control which Moodle site users are able to enrol themselves as students in the course. To locate and use this setting:

# Login to Moodle as an admin or teacher
# Navigate to the desired course
# Locate the Administration block and click on Settings
# Scroll down and locate the Enrolment key form field
# Enter your desired key in the adjacent text field
# Scroll to the bottom of the page and click "Save changes"

==See also==

*[[Internal enrolment]] - to set the role of the people who hold the course enrolment key
*[[Keyholder role]] - for an administrator to set the person named as holding the course enrolment key

[[Category:Teacher]]
[[Category:Enrolment]]

[[fr:Clef d'inscription]]
[[pl:Klucz rekrutacyjny]]

Groups

2007-12-30T17:02:10Z

Kurakbu: +pl:Grupy

{{Course admin}}
The '''Groups''' feature allows a teacher to assign teachers and students to a group within a course. Participants in a course can belong to more than one group. The Groups feature can be applied to an activity, to provide sight or interaction separation of students.

==Groups pre-1.9==
[[Image:000.jpg|left|thumb|Groups in Moodle 1.7]]In Moodle 1.6 and 1.7, the Groups edit page has three columns:

* ''People in the course'' - both assigned and unassigned participants.

* ''Groups'' - A list of groups available for this course.

* ''Members of selected group'' - When you select a group this column will display the members of that group

Underneath each column are the options for that column.

To create new groups, type the group name in the text box and click the adjacent "Add new group" button. You can add a description to this group using the "Edit group settings" button. If you define a group [[enrolment key]] then, not only will entering that key let the user into the course, but it will also automatically make them a member of this group.

To add a participant(s) to a group you need to select their name in the first column (use shift or ctrl for multiple selections), select the group you wish to add them to from the centre column, and then click the "Add selected to group ->" button.

To remove participants from a group, select the appropriate group to view members, select the participants to remove and click the "Remove selected members" button.

[[Image:Groups 1.8.png|thumb|Groups in Moodle 1.8]]In Moodle 1.8 onwards, [[Create group|groups are created]] and [[Assign users to group|users are assigned]] on separate pages.

==Group modes==

The group mode can be defined at two levels:

* Course level - the group mode defined at the course level is the default mode for all activities defined within that course. This is determined in the course [[Settings|settings]]

* Activity level - each activity that supports groups can also have its own group mode defined. If the course setting "Force group mode" is set to "Yes" then the option to define the group mode for individual activities is not available i.e. there is no Groups icon [[Image:Groupn.gif]] next to activities on the course page.

There are three group modes:

;No groups
:There are no sub groups, everyone is part of one big community.

;Separate groups
:Each group can only see their own group, others are invisible.

;Visible groups
:Each group works in their own group, but can also see other groups.

==Groups in Moodle 1.9==
{{Moodle 1.9}}In Moodle 1.9 onwards, groups include the following additional features:
*[[Groupings]], including the option of assigning particular activities/resources to particular groupings
*[[Auto-create groups]]
*[[Groups overview]]

==See also==

*[[Create group]] in Moodle 1.8 onwards
*[[Assign users to group]] in Moodle 1.8 onwards
*[[Groups FAQ]]
*[http://youtube.com/watch?v=83LEAiJglfI Video showing how to set up and use groups and groupings]
*Using Moodle [http://moodle.org/mod/forum/view.php?id=1490 Groups forum]

[[Category:Groups]]

[[fr:Groupes]]
[[ja:グループ]]
[[pl:Grupy]]

Latest news block

2007-12-30T16:53:24Z

Kurakbu: +pl:Blok ostatnich newsów

[[Image:NewsBlock.jpg|thumb|The Latest News block]]
Recent posts made in the [[News forum]] will display as a listed item in the Latest News block, along with a link to older archived news.

By default, the Latest News block displays 3 news items. This may be changed in the [[Course settings]].

==See also==

*[[News forum]]

[[Category:Forum]]
[[Category:Block]]

[[fr:Bloc dernières nouvelles]]
[[pl:Blok ostatnich newsów]]

Front page settings

2007-12-30T15:15:33Z

Kurakbu: +pl:Ustawienia strony głównej

Location: ''Administration > Front Page > Front Page settings''

The site front page is similar to a course page. Administrators can edit the front page by clicking the "Turn editing on" button in the top right corner of the front page.

Front page settings include the following options:

==Full site name==
This name appears at the top of every page above the navigation bar.

==Short name for site==
The short name appears at the beginning of the navigation bar as a link back to your site front page.

==Front page description==
An optional setting enabling you to add short message to your users in a block on the front page.

==Front page and front page items when logged in==
The centre of the front page can display any combination of the following: news items, a list of courses, a list of course categories, a list of categories and courses or none. If you choose to display a list of courses when logged in, then students
are provided with a list of only the courses they are enrolled in.

Note: An alternative option for logged-in users is [[My Moodle]].

==Include a topic section==
This adds a topic section to the centre-top of the front page. When editing is turned on, resources and/or activities can be added to the topic section using the dropdown menus, in the same way as on a course page.

Note: The label resource can be used to add text and/or an image to the centre-top of the front page.

==News items to show==
This setting only applies if the front page is set to display news items or if you are using the [[Latest News block]].

==Default front page role==
{{Moodle 1.9}}To enable logged-in users to participate in front page activities, a default front page role, such as student, can be set.

In versions of Moodle prior to 1.9, you can enable logged-in users to participate in front page activities by setting an authenticated user role override or by assigning users a front page role.

==See also==
*[[Site files]]
*[[Site settings]] for versions of Moodle prior to 1.7
*[[Upgrading to Moodle 1.8]] for the steps to enable logged-in users to read the site news
*Using Moodle [http://moodle.org/mod/forum/discuss.php?d=73448 Front page activities] forum discussion

[[Category:Administrator]]

[[fr:Réglages page d'accueil]]
[[pl:Ustawienia strony głównej]]

Podcasting

2007-12-28T11:27:25Z

Kurakbu: +pl:Podcasting

'''Podcasting''' is an easy way to deliver a series of audio files in such a way that people can subscribe and have all current and future 'episodes' downloaded automatically to their computer or media player.

== Podcasting in Moodle ==

There are two possibilities for podcasting using Moodle:

* Starting from Moodle 1.6, simply use the discussion forums tool! If you create a discussion forum and activate RSS feeds for the forum, you can simply post messages with media files as attachments. These will be delivered as podcasts in the [[RSS in forums|RSS feed]]. (''Note:'' This works in some situations and not in others, possibly based on whether or not guest users are able to view the forum. Otherwise the media files may not be accessible by the podcast-receiving software.)
* Use the optional [[Ipodcast module]] which creates a specific podcasting activity type in Moodle. The advantage of this method is that it includes extra ''metadata'' designed to work well with Apple's ''iTunes'' software (such as keywords and category labels).

== Podcasting about Moodle ==

You may also like to know that a podcast ''about'' Moodle is in preparation, tentatively called "[[Portal:mCast|mCast]]".

== Software for receiving podcasts ==

Apple's [http://www.apple.com/itunes/ iTunes] is currently one of the more popular pieces of software for subscribing to podcasts, but there are many others including [http://juicereceiver.sourceforge.net/ Juice] (previously known as ''iPodder'') which is open-source and cross-platform.

==See also==

* [[Screencast]]
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Podcasting Wikipedia article on podcasting]
* [http://www.apple.com/podcasting Apple webpage on podcasting]

[[Category:Teacher]]
[[Category:Administrator]]
[[Category:RSS]]
[[pl:Podcasting]]

MP3 player

2007-12-27T09:07:17Z

Kurakbu: +pl:Odtwarzacz_MP3

The multimedia filter embeds MP3 files in a streaming player made with Flash. The big MP3 player is used when an MP3 file is added as a [[Resources|resource]] e.g. [http://moodle.org/mod/resource/view.php?id=2296 Moodle Features Demo: MP3 file]. The small player is used when an MP3 file is linked to from within a forum post or another resource or activity using the [[HTML editor]].

==MP3 player rates==

To ensure that MP3 files are played at the correct rate, sample rates of 11, 22 or 44 kHz should be used. Constant Bit Rate (CBR) files are also recommended over Variable Bit Rate (VBR) files.

==Flash security settings==

Security changes in Flash player 7 may result in the MP3 player not playing MP3 files hosted on a remote server. This issue may be resolved by writing a cross-domain policy for the remote server and/or each user changing their global security settings in the Flash player settings manager.

===Cross-domain policy===

To create a cross-domain policy, save the code below as ''crossdomain.xml'' and place the file at the root of the remote server.

<cross-domain-policy>
<allow-access-from domain="www.yourmoodlesite.org" />
</cross-domain-policy>

Please refer to [http://www.macromedia.com/devnet/flash/articles/fplayer_security.html Macromedia - Developer Center: Security Changes in Macromedia Flash Player 7] for further details.

===Global security settings===

Please refer to [http://www.macromedia.com/support/documentation/en/flashplayer/help/settings_manager02.html Macromedia - Flash Player Help: Global Privacy Settings Panel].

==MP3 player colours==

''theme/yourtheme/config.php'' contains options for changing the default colours (black, white and grey) of the MP3 player.

$THEME->resource_mp3player_colors =
'bgColour=000000&btnColour=ffffff&btnBorderColour=cccccc&iconColour=000000&'.
'iconOverColour=00cc00&trackColour=cccccc&handleColour=ffffff&loaderColour=ffffff&'.
'font=Arial&fontColour=3333FF';
/// With this you can control the colours of the "big" MP3 player
/// that is used for MP3 resources.

$THEME->filter_mediaplugin_colors =
'bgColour=000000&btnColour=ffffff&btnBorderColour=cccccc&iconColour=000000&'.
'iconOverColour=00cc00&trackColour=cccccc&handleColour=ffffff&loaderColour=ffffff&';
/// ...And this controls the small embedded player

==MP3 playback options==

''theme/yourtheme/config.php'' contains options for changing the playback options of the MP3 player.

* <code>waitForPlay</code> determines whether the MP3 file starts downloading as soon as the player appears on the page (<code>waitForPlay=no</code>), or whether the play button must be pressed before the MP3 file starts downloading (<code>waitForPlay=yes</code>).

* <code>autoPlay</code> determines whether the MP3 player starts playing the MP3 as soon as the player appears on the page (<code>autoPlay=yes</code>), or whether it must be fully downloaded before playing (<code>autoPlay=no</code>).

* <code>buffer</code> determines how many seconds of the MP3 file must be downloaded before the MP3 starts playing e.g. 10 seconds (<code>buffer=10</code>).

'''Default playback options'''

* Big MP3 player: <code>buffer=10&waitForPlay=no&autoPlay=yes</code>
* Small MP3 player: <code>waitForPlay=yes&autoPlay=no</code>

==Inserting sounds into questions==
[http://moodle.org/mod/forum/discuss.php?d=33335 In a forum, Joseph Rézeau] offer this

There are various ways to insert links to media files in Moodle.
You can
*(1) insert a link which when clicked will open a new window activating your computer's default media player (e.g. quicktime, realaudio, windows media player, etc.)
*(2) OR rely on the automatic insertion of the small Flash player built-in Moodle
*(3) OR both!

The [[filter]] for multimedia must be on and Flash enabled. The HTML editor needs to be active for the question content.
#In the question text, type "Listen to this sound and select your answer."
#Select by highlighting "this sound"
#Click on the Insert Web Link button
#Give the address of your MP3 file, either a web address or an internal address of a file located in the moodledata directory of your Moodle course.
#Toggle HTML source and view the result, something like this: Listen to <nowiki> < a href="http://moodle/file.php/2/audio/trumpet.mp3" >this sound< /a > </nowiki>and say what you heard.
#Now type in the rest of your question data, depending on its type (MCQ, short answer, etc.).
#The result will look something like (3) in screen dump below.
#The student has a choice of using the Flash player (with its minimum buttons) or clicking on the link, which will open the computer's default media player, with all its buttons.

(2) Method to get the Flash player only, and no link to open an external player

#In the question text, type "Listen to this sound xxx and say what you heard."
#Select xxx
#Click on the Insert Web Link button
#Give the address of your MP3 file, either a web address or an internal address of a file located in the moodledata directory of your Moodle course.
#Toggle HTML source and view the result, something like this: Listen to <nowiki>< a href="http://moodle/file.php/2/audio/trumpet.mp3" >xxx< /a > </nowiki> and say what you heard.
#Delete xxx
#The result will look something like (2) in screen dump below.
#The student can only use the Flash player.

[[Image:Quiz question MP3 example.JPG|thumb|center|Example of Quiz Question with Sound]]

== Temporarily disable the MP3 player ==
* You can surround your link with <nowiki><nolink></nolink></nowiki> tags to stop any kind of processing including the multimedia filters that create the MP3 player. This may be useful when linking to external MP3 files with characters in their name that Flash cannot understand.

==See also==

* Using Moodle [http://moodle.org/mod/forum/discuss.php?d=43297 Multimedia resource filtering on the course page] forum discussion
* Using Moodle [http://moodle.org/mod/forum/discuss.php?d=14663 mp3 player rates] forum discussion
* [[Audio in Moodle]]
* [[Podcasting]]

[[Category:Administrator]]
[[Category:Teacher]]
[[Category:Filter]]
[[Category:Audio]]
[[pl:Odtwarzacz_MP3]]

Multimedia plugins filter

2007-12-27T08:43:17Z

Kurakbu: +pl:Pluginy_Multimedia

{{Moodle 1.6}}

The Multimedia plugins filter finds URLs that point to multimedia resources in text and replaces them with an appropriate multimedia player.

=== Supported media formats ===
* .mp3 - MPEG Audio Stream, Layer III
* .swf - Macromedia Flash Format File (Adobe, Inc.)
* .mov - QuickTime Video Clip (Apple Computer, Inc.)
* .wmv - Windows Media File (Microsoft)
* .mpg - MPEG Animation
* .avi - Audio Video Interleave File
* .flv - Flash Video File (Macromedia, Inc.)
* .ram - RealMedia Metafile (RealNetworks, Inc.)
* .rpm - RealMedia Player Plug-in (RealNetworks)
* .rm - RealMedia Streaming Media (Real Networks, Inc.)

=== Usage ===

Insert the URL of the multimedia resource into your text (which can be the URL of a file in the course files area). When displayed a suitable player will be provided. Moodle detects the media type using the filename extension, so you should ensure that the file contents match the extension correctly.

For some file types, like Flash, you can size the plugin using an extended syntax:

<a href="somepath.swf?d=640x480">My link name</a>

where the first number is the width in pixels, and the second is the height.

=== Required Software ===

Although Moodle prepares the media files to be played in the browser, the actual playback is handled by various types of browser plug-in software, primarily Adobe Flash, Quicktime, Windows Media Player and Real Player. If users do not have these installed they may be prompted to go and install them by their browser. These pieces of software are generally free, easily installed and widely used so this will only be an issue for small numbers of users.

=== Settings Page ===
The settings page is in the administration block. Prior to version 1.7, this can be reach from Configuration->Filters->MultiMedia Plugins. In 1.7 it can be found in the administration block, Modules->Filters -> MultiMedia Plugins.

There is an individual setting to turn on or off each supported media type. Note that by default all but the Flash (.swf) filter are enabled. As Flash files present a theoretical security, risk it is strongly recommended not to allow users to add flash content.

== See also ==

* [[Filters (administrator)]]
* [[MP3 player]]
* [[Audio in Moodle]]
* [http://moodle.org/mod/forum/discuss.php?d=37119 Multimedia plugin vs object embed] forum discussion
* [http://moodle.org/mod/forum/discuss.php?d=29588 Size of embedded Flash] forum discussion

[[Category:Administrator]]
[[Category:Filter]]
[[pl:Pluginy_Multimedia]]

Flash

2007-12-26T16:32:58Z

Kurakbu: +pl:Flash

Flash content can easily be included in your courses.

==General instructions for insertion==
If you have the [[Filters (administrator)|filter]] for the Flash [[Multimedia plugins|multimedia plugin]] enabled then simply linking to the file in an [[HTML]] area such as a label, HTML block or section description will also display the Flash file inline. At the moment all flash files will play at the same size site-wide by default.

However,if using the .swf filter you can control display size by adding the following parameters to the end of the link to specify size: ?d=widthxheight eg ?d=800x600 is 800 pixels wide 600 pixels high. You can use up to 3 characters for the width and the height, plus an optional % symbol at the end.

There are also other ways to achieve sizing control. See the forum posts below for some hacks.

You can use HTML code and the object tag to set individual movie sizes which will work with most browsers except Microsoft's Internet Explorer.

<object width="600" height="400" classid="clsid:D27CDB6E-AE6D-11cf-96B8-444553540000" codebase= "http://download.macromedia.com/pub/shockwave/cabs/flash/swflash.cab#version=6,0,0,0"> <param name="movie" value="http://yoursite.org/file.php/2/movie.swf" /> <param name="quality" value="high" /> <embed width="600" height="400" src="http://yoursite.org/file.php/2/movie.swf" quality="high" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" pluginspage="http://www.macromedia.com/go/getflashplayer" /></object>

==Insert flash into a lesson page==
Inserting a Flash file into a [[Lesson Pages|lesson page]] (either a branch or question page) is similar to the above.
#Publish the SWF and HTML upload the SWF to a central location on your server.
#Then copy and paste the HTML code (between the object tags) and
#place that in the HTML side of your question (switch to HTML view).
# Change the value in your HTML code
##Example: Change this <nowiki><param name="movie" value="MyFlashFile.swf"</nowiki> to this <nowiki><param name="movie" value="http://www.myserver.com/flash_files/MyFlashFile.swf"</nowiki>
# Repeat the same step, but change the src instead.
##Example:<nowiki><embed src="http://www.myserver.com/flash_files/MyFlashFile.swf"</nowiki>
#Save the question

==Some external links to Flash file generating programs==
This is not a comprehensive list nor an endorsement of any product.
*[http://www.openoffice.org/ Open Office, an open source program] can export-create a Flash swf file in Impress, the presentation module. Very basic output.
*[http://www.adobe.com/products/flash/ Adobe/Macromedia Flash site] "The" serious program, now owned by Adobe and part of their Creative Suite.
*[http://www.debugmode.com/wink/ Wink] freeware program. Basic output functions, steps up from OO Impress but not even close to Adobe Flash.
*[http://osflash.org/projects Open Source Flash Organization] list of projects probably best viewed by developers, not teachers

==See also==
*[[Flash_module]] How to install a Flash plugin module.
*[[Files]] for teachers
*[[Filters (administrator)]] part of the administration block
*[http://moodle.org/mod/forum/discuss.php?d=37119 Multimedia plugin vs object embed] forum discussion
*[http://moodle.org/mod/forum/discuss.php?d=29588 Size of embedded Flash] forum discussion

[[Category:Administrator]]
[[Category:Teacher]]
[[pl:Flash]]

Apache

2007-12-26T16:05:48Z

Kurakbu: +pl:Apache

When most people refer to '''Apache''' they are talking about the "Apache HTTP Server Project". In fact Apache is really the "Apache Software Foundation" which hosts a long list of projects of which the HTTP server is just one, albeit the best known.

The Apache HTTP Server enables web pages to be published on the internet (or an intranet or even on a single test machine). The [[PHP]] scripting language, in which Moodle is developed, is tightly integrated with the Apache HTTP Server. A web server is a required component of a Moodle installation. There are two distinct developments of the Apache HTTP Server, version 1 and version 2. Although version 2 should have replaced version 1, the architectures are so different that they both continue to be supported. Either are fully supported by PHP and Moodle.

The Apache HTTP Server Project describes itself thus:

"The Apache HTTP Server Project is an effort to develop and maintain an open-source HTTP server for modern operating systems including UNIX and Windows NT. The goal of this project is to provide a secure, efficient and extensible server that provides HTTP services in sync with the current HTTP standards.

Apache has been the most popular web server on the Internet since April 1996. The November 2005 Netcraft Web Server Survey found that more than 70% of the web sites on the Internet are using Apache, thus making it more widely used than all other web servers combined."

== Installing Apache ==

Usually Apache is installed alongside PHP and [[MySQL]] in a combination known as AMP, see [[Installing AMP]] for details.

Debian/Ubuntu:
apt-get install apache2

==Performance==

'''Caching'''

Apache can be tuned to make pages load faster by specifying how the browser should cache the various page elements. How to do this varies slightly between OSes but there are two basic steps

# Install and enable mod_expires - refer to documentation or man pages
# Add this code to the virtual server config file within the section for the root directory (or within the .htaccess file if AllowOverrides is On):
<IfModule mod_expires.c>
ExpiresActive On
ExpiresDefault "access plus 1 seconds"
ExpiresByType text/html "access plus 1 seconds"
ExpiresByType image/gif "access plus 120 minutes"
ExpiresByType image/jpeg "access plus 120 minutes"
ExpiresByType image/png "access plus 120 minutes"
ExpiresByType text/css "access plus 60 minutes"
ExpiresByType text/javascript "access plus 60 minutes"
ExpiresByType application/x-javascript "access plus 60 minutes"
ExpiresByType text/xml "access plus 1 seconds"
</IfModule>

The effect is to make everything stay in the cache except HTML and XML, which change dynamically. It's possible to gain a several hundred percent decrease in load times this way

More info: [http://www.metaskills.net/blog/heuristics/sysadmin/how-to-control-browser-caching-with-apache-2 www.metaskills.net]

'''Servers'''

Apache serves webpages by spawning new child processes (smaller sub-programs) to deal with each connection. The number of these that you allow to run and to be kept in reserve has a big impact on how fast your server will run. The risk (especially on a server with a small amount of memory, such as a VPS) is that the available RAM will run out and the system will end up using the far slower hard disk as swap memory instead. To prevent this, you need to tell Apache only to have a certain number. Here is a sample set of configuration directives for a VPS server with 128MB of RAM (with up to 384 burstable), which apparently works quite well (more info [http://www.agnivo.com/tech/vps-mysql-and-apache-optimization-guide-27.html here])

Make a back up of your httpd.conf first. It’s generally found at /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf, then open the file with your editor e.g.

nano /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf

Then look for these values, which may be spread about a little and change them:

Timeout 200
KeepAlive On
MaxKeepAliveRequests 200
KeepAliveTimeout 3
MinSpareServers 5
MaxSpareServers 15
StartServers 5
MaxClients 20
MaxRequestsPerChild 2000
HostnameLookups Off

If you find that you are running out of memory (type

top

if using Linux and look at the swap figure), just lower some of the numbers. Similary, if you have extra memory, you can afford to raise them a bit. Remember to combine tuning of Apache with tuning of your database app.

==SSL==

If you want your website not to be hackable, you need to enable SSL so that your moodle password cannot be easily read by others as it is transmitted (as normal internet communications normally can be). There are 2 options - generate a self-signed certificate, which stops casual network sniffing, but which can ultimately be compromised with enough effort, or purchase a certificate from a vendor (about $35 per year from the cheap ones). Below are instructions for install of a self-signed certificate.

'''Debian and Apache2'''

1. generate a certification:
apache2-ssl-certificate

for debian etch, apache2-ssl-certificate is no longer available, use make-ssl-cert instead:
make-ssl-cert /usr/share/ssl-cert/ssleay.cnf /etc/apache2/ssl/apache.pem

2. edit /etc/apache2/ports.conf:
Listen 80
Listen 443
3. copy /etc/apache2/sites-available/default to /etc/apache2/sites-available/default-ssl, and change /etc/apache2/sites-available/default:
NameVirtualHost *:80
<VirtualHost *:80>
...
</VirtualHost>

and also /etc/apache2/sites-available/default-ssl:
NameVirtualHost *:443
<VirtualHost *:443>
...
SSLEngine on
SSLCertificateFile /etc/apache2/ssl/apache.pem
...
</VirtualHost>
4. symbolic link the ssl file:
a2ensite default-ssl
5. don't forget to symbolic link the ssl module:
a2enmod ssl
6. restart apache and test the connection (e.g. https://localhost/):
/etc/init.d/apache2 restart

[http://edin.no-ip.com/html/?q=ssl_apache2_2_virtualhost_debian_automatically_https_forwarding reference]

== See also ==

* [http://httpd.apache.org/ The Apache HTTP Server Project homepage]
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apache_HTTP_Server Wikipedia article on the Apache HTTP Server]

[[Category:Administrator]]
[[Category:Developer]]
[[pl:Apache]]

Course categories

2007-12-26T14:32:09Z

Kurakbu: +pl:Dodaj/edytuj_kategorie

Course categories organize courses for all Moodle site participants. Adding, editing, moving and deleting these categories is best done through the [[Site administration block]] > courses > add/edit courses link.

Miscellaneous is the default course category on a new Moodle site. A course creator or administrator can put all courses in the miscellaneous category. However, teachers and students will find it easier to find their classes if they are organized in descriptive categories.

The list of courses within a category by default shows the teachers and the summary of each course. If the number of courses within a category exceeds 9 (10 or more), then a short list without teachers and summary is shown.

==Adding a category==
Most people organize their courses by department and college or by topic. Be sure to test the organizational scheme with a few users before entering a large number of courses, to save time in moving them later.

Adding categories is very simple:

#From the Site Administration block, click Courses then "Add/edit courses".
#At the top of the "Course Categories" page is a text area and an "Add new category" button. Type the name of your new category in the text area and click the button.

==Adding sub course categories==

Course sub-categories may be created by adding a new course category then using the "move category to" drop-down menu to move the category inside another category. Similarly, sub-sub-categories etc. may be created.

==Hiding categories==

Categories may be easily hidden or shown. From the Site Administration block, click Courses then 'Add/edit courses'. Click on the icon to show or hide a category. Hidden categories are only visible to site administrators. By default, all courses inside a hidden category are not available for students to access, but you can go to Site Administration->Front Page->Front Page Settings and click the checkbox to 'Allow visible courses in hidden categories'.

[[Image:Hidden_categories.JPG]]

[[Category:Administrator]]

[[pl:Dodaj/edytuj_kategorie]]

Kategoria:Administrator

2007-12-26T14:10:41Z

Kurakbu: + pl:Kategoria:Administrator

An index of documentation pages for '''administrators'''.

[[es:Categoría:Administrador]]
[[fr:Catégorie:Administrateur]]
[[ru:Категория:Администратору]]
[[pl:Kategoria:Administrator]]