This is only for keeping notes on some of my findings regarding Moodle XML.
Minimum XML
Other than stated at Moodle XML - Minimum requirements the minimum working Moodle XML file seems to be the following (short answer question). It gets imported using the default settings.
<quiz>
<question type="shortanswer">
<name>
<text>Minimum question</text>
</name>
<questiontext>
<text>What's the minimum XML required for import?</text>
</questiontext>
<answer fraction="100">
<text>This here!</text>
</answer>
</question>
</quiz>