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| {{Блок администрирования}} | | {{Оценки}}<p class="note">'''Замечание:''' эта и другие страницы из блока, расположенного справа, описывают журнал оценок в Moodle версий 1.9 и выше. Документацию по журналу оценок версий младше 1.9 вы можете посмотреть на странице [[Оценки до-1.9]].</p> |
| ==Введение==
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| Таблица оценок предоставляет информацию о выставленных учителем оценках по всем модулям курса в течение изучения курса. Учитель видит таблицу целиком, студентам доступны только их собственные оценки.
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| Учитель имеет широкие возможности по управлению порядком и процедурой оценки активности в курсе. Тем не менее, удобно, чтобы суммарное число баллов за курс было равно ста (100), что соответствует полному - 100%-ному - изучению материала. Из стопроцентной шкалы учитель может с лёгкостью получить оценки по принятой в его учебном заведении шкале, задав буквенные оценки и установив критерии пересчёта. Таким образом, работа с оценками может быть практически полностью автоматизирована.
| | ==Introduction== |
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| В таблице оценок доступны следующие возможности
| | The concepts of ''grades'' and of ''gradebook'' have been completely revisited in Moodle 1.9. These words and modules were used in earlier version. There are important differences that users who are upgrading to 1.9 need to understand and this should also help new users. |
| * Просмотр итоговых баллов за весь курс
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| * Просмотр оценок отдельного студента
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| * Сортировка (по имени/фамилии или баллам)
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| * Статистика по оценкам
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| * Взвешенные оценки и категории
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| * Буквенные оценки (ABCDF, атт./н.атт., и т.п.)
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| * Отбрасывание наихудшие результаты
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| * Исключение оценки отдельных студентов для конкретных модулей
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| * Скрытие оценок модуля или категории от студентов и опции исключения оценок из общих расчётов
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| * Оценивание с использованием групп
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| Дополнительные опции, такие как взвешенные суммы и категории, буквенные оценки и отбрасывание наихудшего результата, а также исключение оценок из расчётов и скрытие оценок, доступны при включении расширенных настроек на вкладке '''Настройки'''.
| | The two central ideas of grading in Moodle 1.9 are: |
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| ==Добавление элементов в таблицу оценок==
| | #'''Grades''' are scores attributed to participants in a Moodle course |
| | #The '''gradebook''' is a repository of these grades: modules push their grades to it, but the gradebook doesn't push anything back to the modules |
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| Когда вы создаёте оцениваемый элемент курса при помощи меню "Добавить элемент курса", этот элемент автоматически добавляется в таблицу оценок. Оценка заносится в таблицу, как только соответствующее задание будет выполнено студентом и проверено преподавателем.
| | The three building blocks of the Gradebook in Moodle 1.9 are |
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| Например, студент изучает курс, состоящий из пяти разделов, в каждом разделе есть урок с вопросами. Сразу после успешного прохождения каждого урока оценка за этот урок заносится в таблицу оценок
| | *The [[Grade_categories|grade category]] |
| | :A grade category groups grade items together, and has settings for affecting these grade items |
| | *The [[Grade_items|grade item]] |
| | :A grade item stores a grade for each course participant, and has settings for affecting these grades |
| | *The grade -Student scores in a course |
| | :A grade has settings for affecting how it is displayed to the users, as well as [[Grade locking|locking]] and [[Grade hiding|hiding]] functions. |
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| Если необходимо оценить какие-либо действия, производящиеся вне пределов сайта, используйте модуль [[Модуль_Задание||"Задание"]], затем оцените работу каждого студента.
| | As an overview: |
| | Grades can be [[Grade_calculations|calculated]], [[Grade_categories#Aggregation|aggregated]] and [[Grader_report#Display|displayed]] in a variety of ways, the many settings having been designed to suit the needs of a great variety of organisations. |
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| Если вы используете дополнительные настройки (см. ниже), то добавляемые в таблицу оценок элементы не будут принадлежать какой-либо категории ("Без категории").
| | Many activities in Moodle, such as [[Assignment module|assignments]], [[Forum module|forums]] and [[Quiz module|quizzes]] may be given grades. Grades may have numerical values, or words/phrases from a [[Scales|scale or rating system]]. |
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| ==Скрытые элементы==
| | Grades can also be used as [[Outcomes|outcomes]] and as arbitrary text attributed to each participant in a course. |
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| Элементы, скрытые со страниц курса при помощи инструмента "скрыть/показать" (значок с изображением глаза), могут по-разному учитываться в таблице оценок. На вкладке "Настройки" имеются настройки урока. Если опция "Показывать скрытые элементы" установлена в значение "Нет", скрытые элементы не будут отображаться в таблице оценок.
| | ==Grades pushed by modules== |
| | When activity modules produce grades, they use the [[Development:Grades#API_for_communication_with_modules.2Fblocks|gradebook public API]] to push (or send) their grades to the gradebook. These grades are then stored in database tables that are independent of the modules. The grades are still kept in the module database tables, and the gradebook will never access or modify these original grades. |
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| Если опция "Показать скрытые элементы" установлена в значение "Да", то скрытые элементы, равно как и их оценки, по-прежнему не будут видны студентам в таблице оценок. Однако скрытые элементы будут отображаться в таблице оценок для преподавателя, указанием на то, что элемент скрыт, служеит белый прямоугольник в заголовке элемента.
| | The gradebook, however, provides administrators and teachers with tools for changing the ways in which grades are calculated, aggregated and displayed, as well as [[grade/edit/tree/grade|means to change the grades manually]] (a manual edit of a grade automatically locks the grade in the gradebook, so that the module which originally created the grade can no longer update that grade in the gradebook until the grade is unlocked). |
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| ==Стандартные возможности Таблицы Оценок== | | ==Settings affecting grades== |
| | Being the smallest unit in the gradebook, the grade is affected by many settings at different levels. Here is a list of these levels, in hierarchical order: |
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| Some features in the gradebook are enabled by default, for all Moodle courses. These are explained below.
| | *[[General_grade_settings|Site-wide general settings]] |
| | *[[Grade_category_settings|Site-wide grade category settings]] |
| | *[[Grade_item_settings|Site-wide grade item settings]] |
| | *[[Gradebook_report_settings|Gradebook report settings]] |
| | *[[Gradebook_course_settings|Course settings]] |
| | *[[Grade_categories|Category settings]] |
| | *[[Grade_items|Grade item settings]] |
| | *[[grade/edit/tree/grade|Grade settings]] |
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| '''Single student view:''' In courses with many students and many graded items, it can be difficult to keep track of the grades for a single student as you browse the gradebook. By clicking a student's name, you can hide all other students and view just the grades for a single student.
| | ==Outcomes== |
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| '''Reprint headers:''' This setting in the preferences determines how often the activity names are printed in the online view of the gradebook. This is another feature to make it easier to view a large number of graded activities without losing track of individual grades.
| | [[Outcomes]] are specific descriptions of what a student is expected to be able to do or understand at the completion of an activity or course. An activity might have more than one outcome, and each may have a grade against it (usually on a [[Scales|scale]]). |
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| '''Sorting:''' Clicking the sort by Lastname will sort the list of students by their lastname. Sort by Firstname will sort the student list by their first name.
| | ==Gradebook reports== |
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| Grades may be sorted by clicking the arrows next to the course Total.
| | The gradebook includes a variety of reports, available via the grades link in each [[Course administration block|course administration block]]: |
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| '''Statistics:''' You can view the statistics for your course's grades by clicking the "Stats" link(2).
| | * [[Grader report]] - The main teacher view of a course gradebook. The "[[Grade preferences|My report preferences]]" tab in the grader report enables teachers to change how the grader report is displayed. |
| | * [[Outcomes report]] |
| | * [[Overview report]] |
| | * [[User report]] |
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| This will open a pop-up window which will show the highest and lowest scores, the average, the median and mode, and the standard deviation.
| | ==Grades organisation== |
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| Clicking the activity's name will bring you to the activity itself.
| | Teachers may organise grades into [[Grade categories|grade categories]], [[Grade import|import]] and/or [[Grade export|export]] grades, and make [[Grade calculations|grade calculations]]. |
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| '''Activating the Advanced Features'''
| | Symbols to represent ranges of grades may be set as [[Grade letters|grade letters]]. |
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| If you would like to use the advanced features of the gradebook (such as grade weighting, letter grades, etc.) then enter the gradebook, click 'Set Preferences', then click the "Use Advanced Features" button.
| | Administrators may control the appearance of the gradebook site-wide by adjusting settings available via the grades link in the site administration block: |
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| The page will reload, and you will now see a new set of links for various advanced features along with new preferences settings. The settings let you choose what to display in the gradebook, as well as what to show to students.
| | *[[General grade settings]] |
| | *[[Grade category settings]] |
| | *[[Grade item settings]] |
| | *[[Gradebook report settings]] |
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| '''Display Weighted Grades''' will show the % value of a category after the weighting you set (in the Set Weights link) has been applied. You may also limit what students see by clicking the drop-down box and choosing 'to Teachers only.'
| | ==See also== |
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| '''Display Points''' will show the raw (unweighted) points a student has earned.
| | *Using Moodle [http://moodle.org/mod/forum/view.php?id=2122 Gradebook forum] |
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| '''Display Percent''' will show the raw % (unweighted) of the total points the student has earned.
| | Video tutorials: |
| | *[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YeUy-_kbvqQ Basic Moodle Gradebook howto] |
| | *[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5hrLNbifiGQ Gradebook reports] |
| | *[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lXEefYe3qdk How to use the grade item settings and grade letters at admin level] |
| | *[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sUslTuZPu6A Grade category settings] |
| | *[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EB58W3KePBc How to set up the gradebook] |
| | *[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PmkEGfvjj9U How to use outcomes in Moodle] |
| | *[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yZcbN_7p2zI How to export grades from the gradebook] |
| | *[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p6zWwJGb9TA How to use gradebook site settings and defaults] |
| | *[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WKUGyzAXcyA How to set up calculations in the gradebook (basic)] |
| | *[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VBEj8mmu8lM How to set up calculations in the gradebook (advanced)] |
| | *[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jWPUEqdhI4A How to change the display of grades in the gradebook] |
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| '''Display Letter Grade''' will show the letter grade earned so far (you can set the scale for this or change the grade letters in the "Set Grade Letters" link in the Advanced Features menu).
| | [[en:Grades]] |
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| The Letter Grade preference determines how the letter grade is calculated, by Weighted Percent or Raw Percent.
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| ==Setting Categories==
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| Once you turn the Advanced Features, all your graded items will go into the default "Uncategorized" category. If you would like to create special categories for graded items, click the "Set Categories" link.
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| This will open the category edting page. This is where graded items can be placed into categories, curved or set as extra credit items. New categories can also be added and existing ones deleted.
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| To add a new category, simply type its name in the "Add Category" box, and click "Add Category". To remove a category, select it in the Delete Category menu and click "Delete Category". Items inside a deleted category will not be deleted, they will simply revert to the Uncategorized category.
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| The graded items in your course will show up along the left side of the category editing page. To assign an item to a category, simply select the category name from the drop down list.
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| '''Category:''' Adjusts which category a graded item belongs to. Items that have not been assigned a category or were in a category that was deleted will be automatically placed in "Uncategorized"
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| '''Curve To:''' Allows you to curve grades. Set this item to what you would like the particular graded item graded out of. So if the max grade was 30 and curve to was set at 28 students grades and percents would be calculated against a possible 28 points rather than 30.
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| '''Extra Credit:''' Check this box if you would like a particular item to be calculated as extra credit. An extra credit item's points are not counted towards the category's total, so the points for these items are just added to the points of the other items in the category. Thus in a category with 100 point test and a 5 point journal, with the journal set to Extra Credit, the category total would still be 100 points, so you can give extra credit by giving students points for their journal. These points will increase their score for that category without increasing the total points for that category. Any graded item may be set to Extra Credit.
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| When you have set your categories, remember to click the "Save Changes" button to record your changes.
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| ==Setting category weights==
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| Once you have set up categories, you need to give the categories some weight. By default, items are put in the Uncategorized category, which is weighted to 100% the first time you start up the gradebook. To weight other categories, type the values in the weight box and click Save Changes. The gradebook with tally your weights and let you know if they add up to 100%.
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| Category weightings will make each category contribute X percent to the weighted total; where X is the weight that you assign to the category. This is regardless of how many points that particular category may have.
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| For instance you could have 4 categories with weights set to 25 each. Let's say that each category has total points 5, 100, 20, and 400. Now even though the points for each category is drastically different each category will contribute 25% to the weighted total. To elaborate further let's say a student has 3, 88, 19, and 350 points in each category (respectively). Their weighted total would be calculated as follows. (3/5)*0.25 + (88/100)*0.25 + (19/20)*0.25 + (350/400)*0.25 = .15 + .22 + .2375 + .21875 = .82625 or 82.625%
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| Other features of the "Set Weights" window are dropping grades, bonus points, and hiding items.
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| '''Drop X Lowest:''' This is used drop the X number of lowest scores from a students grade calculation. The point totals for a category should be all the same value or unpredictable results may occur.
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| '''Bonus Points:''' Is used to give extra points that do not change the point total for a category. This can be used to adjust for unfair questions or similiar. These will be applied equally to all students. If you wish to selectively provide extra credit; add a new graded item and set it to extra credit in "Set Categories".
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| '''Hidden:''' if this box is checked it will remove a category from display and also from grade calculation. This an easy way to only add items to the gradebook after they have been graded. Since graded items that have not been categorized will automatically be assigned to "Uncategorized" you can set the "Uncategorized" category to hidden and then as you grade items move them to whichever category you like and students can then see their grade.
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| ==Setting Grade Letters==
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| To assign number values to grade letters, click the "Set Grade Letters" link.
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| This will show you a list of the letter grades and their current percent values. To change percent values, type in new numbers and click save changes.
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| You can also change the grade letters to anything you like. For instance you can delete all the letter grades and replace them with a simple Credit/No Credit scale.
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| ===tip=== To avoid messages/errors like this "No letter grade for 111.41" enter your letter grade per cent to the second decimal.
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| ==Viewing Grades==
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| Clicking the Grades link will show you the current state of your gradebook. In this case, we see the three general categories, the points each student has earned so fare and their weighted score for each category.
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| The course totals are also shown, along with the student's current letter grade.
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| Students can be sorted by name, or by high or low total scores (click the up/down arrows). The "Stats" link will open a pop-up window with your curent course statistics.
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| Clicking on a category title will show you what is in that category, the points, etc. and the totals for that category. Clicking on a student's name will show you just that student's grades. For instance, this view shows only the grades of 'Demo Student'.
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| ==Grade Exceptions==
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| A feature many faculty have been requesting in a gradebook is a way to exclude certain students from being graded on certain assignments. The Grade Exceptions screen enables this process. To excuse a student from being graded for an assignment, first select the student's name on the left, then select the assignment's name in the center, and click the "Exclude from Grading" button.
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| You can select multiple students by holding down the control key when you click their names.
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| == Grading with groups ==
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| If you have a course that has a large number or multiple classes of students enrolled, you can use groups to make grading easier.
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| *First, use the administration block to set up your groups. Make sure you do not use a space in the group names!
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| *Second, consider setting your course default to use forced groups on all assignments. You may or may not want to do this, but if every assignment should employ groups, you may find it easier to set this as the default.
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| *Third, use the dropdown box in the gradebook to view the grades by group or for all participants. (See image below)
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| [[Image:gradebook_groups.gif]] | |
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| == См. также ==
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| *[http://download.moodle.org/docs/using_moodle/ch12_grades.pdf Using Moodle Chapter 12: Grades and Scales]
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| * Обсуждение в форуме Using Moodle: [http://moodle.org/mod/forum/discuss.php?d=46139 taming the gradebook]
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| *a variant of gradebook that allows in-place multi-column editing [[gradebookplus]]
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| *[[Lesson_module#Grading]] is a discussion of grading
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| [[Категория: Учителю]]
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Замечание: эта и другие страницы из блока, расположенного справа, описывают журнал оценок в Moodle версий 1.9 и выше. Документацию по журналу оценок версий младше 1.9 вы можете посмотреть на странице Оценки до-1.9.
Introduction
The concepts of grades and of gradebook have been completely revisited in Moodle 1.9. These words and modules were used in earlier version. There are important differences that users who are upgrading to 1.9 need to understand and this should also help new users.
The two central ideas of grading in Moodle 1.9 are:
- Grades are scores attributed to participants in a Moodle course
- The gradebook is a repository of these grades: modules push their grades to it, but the gradebook doesn't push anything back to the modules
The three building blocks of the Gradebook in Moodle 1.9 are
- A grade category groups grade items together, and has settings for affecting these grade items
- A grade item stores a grade for each course participant, and has settings for affecting these grades
- The grade -Student scores in a course
- A grade has settings for affecting how it is displayed to the users, as well as locking and hiding functions.
As an overview:
Grades can be calculated, aggregated and displayed in a variety of ways, the many settings having been designed to suit the needs of a great variety of organisations.
Many activities in Moodle, such as assignments, forums and quizzes may be given grades. Grades may have numerical values, or words/phrases from a scale or rating system.
Grades can also be used as outcomes and as arbitrary text attributed to each participant in a course.
Grades pushed by modules
When activity modules produce grades, they use the gradebook public API to push (or send) their grades to the gradebook. These grades are then stored in database tables that are independent of the modules. The grades are still kept in the module database tables, and the gradebook will never access or modify these original grades.
The gradebook, however, provides administrators and teachers with tools for changing the ways in which grades are calculated, aggregated and displayed, as well as means to change the grades manually (a manual edit of a grade automatically locks the grade in the gradebook, so that the module which originally created the grade can no longer update that grade in the gradebook until the grade is unlocked).
Settings affecting grades
Being the smallest unit in the gradebook, the grade is affected by many settings at different levels. Here is a list of these levels, in hierarchical order:
Outcomes
Outcomes are specific descriptions of what a student is expected to be able to do or understand at the completion of an activity or course. An activity might have more than one outcome, and each may have a grade against it (usually on a scale).
Gradebook reports
The gradebook includes a variety of reports, available via the grades link in each course administration block:
Grades organisation
Teachers may organise grades into grade categories, import and/or export grades, and make grade calculations.
Symbols to represent ranges of grades may be set as grade letters.
Administrators may control the appearance of the gradebook site-wide by adjusting settings available via the grades link in the site administration block:
See also
Video tutorials:
